ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on the Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PCT (B) reabsorbs ~65% of filtrate (water, ions, nutrients) due to its surface area and transporters. Renal capsule (A) is structural, collecting duct (C) adjusts, and ascending limb (D) dilutes, making B the majority site.
Question 2 of 5
Which assessment finding for a patient who has had a cystectomy with an ileal conduit the previous day is most important for the nurse to communicate to the physician?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia (102 beats/min, C) may signal infection or hemorrhage post-cystectomy, requiring urgent reporting. Cloudy urine (A) and drainage (D) are normal, and hypotonic sounds (B) are expected, making C most critical.
Question 3 of 5
A female patient being admitted with pneumonia has a history of neurogenic bladder due to a spinal cord injury. Which action will the nurse plan to take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before planning any interventions, the nurse should complete the assessment and determine the patient's normal bladder pattern and the usual measures used by the patient at home. Other responses may be appropriate, but until the assessment is complete, an individualized plan for the patient cannot be developed.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is collecting data for a patient who has kidney disease. How much urine will the nurse need to collect for a urinalysis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At least 10 mL (B) is required for urinalysis to ensure adequate testing volume. 5 mL (A) is insufficient, while 20 mL (C) and 50 mL (D) exceed the minimum, making B the standard amount.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reinforcing 24-hour fluid intake teaching for a patient to prevent further urinary tract infections. Which of the following amounts if stated by the client would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To prevent urinary tract infections drink up to 3,000 mL of fluid a day if there are no fluid restrictions.