ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PCT (B) reabsorbs ~65% of filtrate (water, ions, nutrients) due to its surface area and transporters. Renal capsule (A) is structural, collecting duct (C) adjusts, and ascending limb (D) dilutes, making B the majority site.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse assesses clients on the medical-surgical unit. Which client is at greatest risk for bladder cancer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Long-term smoking greatly increases bladder cancer risk, making this client most vulnerable.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse assesses a client with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Which assessment finding should alert the nurse to immediately contact the health care provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Periorbital edema is atypical for PKD, indicating a serious issue needing urgent attention.
Question 4 of 5
Which actions can contribute to bacterial resistance to antibiotics? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent use, skipping doses, and treating viruses promote resistance development.
Question 5 of 5
A female patient who is taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (Bactrim, Septra) to treat a urinary tract infection reports vaginal itching and discharge. The nurse will perform which action?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vaginal symptoms suggest superinfection, a side effect to report to the provider.