ATI LPN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The main intracellular cation is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Potassium dominates inside cells, critical for membrane potential.
Question 2 of 5
The patient has severe hyperthyroidism and will have surgery tomorrow. What assessment is most important for the nurse to perform in order to detect development of the highest risk acid-base imbalance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thyroid hormone increases metabolic rate, causing a patient with severe hyperthyroidism to have high risk of metabolic acidosis from increased production of metabolic acids. Metabolic acidosis decreases level of consciousness. Changes in urine output, urine color, and lung sounds are not signs of metabolic acidosis. Although metabolic acidosis often causes tachycardia, many other factors influence heart rate and blood pressure, including thyroid hormone.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has impaired swallowing due to a cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following interventions should the nurse use to assist the client with feeding?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The client's head should be sufficiently elevated to prevent aspiration. Clients who have dysphagia cannot always control the amount of fluid they take in through a straw, increasing their risk for aspiration. Thicker fluids are usually easier to swallow than thin fluids. For clients with unilateral weakness, it is best to place food in the stronger side of the mouth.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following dietary modifications should an adolescent who participates in sports implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drinking water before and after sports prevents dehydration. Fat needs don't increase for athletes, protein should rise to 1.0-1.5 g/kg/day, and carbohydrates should stay at 45-65% of calories, not decrease.
Question 5 of 5
The most essential nutrient for life is______
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Water is essential for all bodily functions, making it the most critical nutrient for life.