ATI LPN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The main extracellular anion is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chloride is the primary extracellular anion, balancing sodium.
Question 2 of 5
The patient has type B chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbated by an acute upper respiratory infection. Which blood gas values should the nurse expect to see?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type B COPD is a chronic disease that causes impaired excretion of carbonic acid, thus causing respiratory acidosis, with PaCO₂ high and pH low. This chronic disease exists long enough for some renal compensation to occur, manifested by high HCO₃⁻. Answers that include low or normal bicarbonate are not correct, because the renal compensation for respiratory acidosis involves excretion of more hydrogen ions than usual, with retention of bicarbonate in the blood. High pH occurs with alkalosis, not acidosis.
Question 3 of 5
A charge nurse is reviewing anthropometric values with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weighing a client on the same scale at the same time daily ensures consistent data for tracking trends. Changes over time are more significant than isolated measurements, a 2-lb increase (not 4) reflects 1,000 mL fluid retention, and obesity is best assessed by BMI, not height-to-wrist ratio.
Question 4 of 5
Problems affecting nutritional intake among the elderly and chronically ill include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: As people age, their ability to smell and taste food diminishes, which directly impacts their desire to eat and thus affects nutritional intake.
Question 5 of 5
What information is found on a diet card?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diet cards contain important dietary information such as food allergies and personal preferences.