ATI LPN
Exam Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The main complication of acute leukemia are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute leukemia's main complications are infection and bleeding (D) marrow replacement by blasts (e.g., >20%) drops neutrophils (<500/μL) and platelets (<20,000/μL), risking sepsis and hemorrhage (e.g., CNS bleed). Seizures (A) or fractures (B) are secondary. Splenic rupture (C) is rare. None' dismisses. Infection and bleeding dominate, key in nursing for antibiotics, transfusions, and isolation.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is true of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) true: prolonged bleeding time (A low platelets, e.g., <50,000/μL, delay clot formation). Prothrombin (B) is normal coagulation intact. Retraction (C) slows with low platelets. Not always viral (D idiopathic common). Rumpel-Leede is positive petechiae form. Bleeding time's prolongation is key, guiding nursing for steroids and hemorrhage watch.
Question 3 of 5
Microcytic anemias may occur in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Microcytic anemia (MCV <80 fL) occurs in hypothyroidism (B) low metabolism may reduce iron use, though normocytic is commoner. Hemolytic (A), liver disease (C) are normo/macrocytic from hemolysis, folate issues. Aplastic (D) is normocytic marrow failure. All' overstates. Hypothyroidism's rare microcytosis is key, guiding nursing for TSH over iron alone.
Question 4 of 5
Reiter's syndrome is a triad of:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
Using the following data, calculate the physiological dead space, Tidal volume = 600 ml, Alveolar ventilation = 4.3 L/min, PaCO2 = 40 mmHg, PECO2 = 28 mmHg:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physiological dead space (VD) is the portion of tidal volume (VT) not participating in gas exchange, calculated using the Bohr equation: VD/VT = (PaCO2 - PECO2) / PaCO2, where PaCO2 is arterial PCO2 (40 mmHg) and PECO2 is mixed expired PCO2 (28 mmHg). Plugging in the values: VD/VT = (40 - 28) / 40 = 12 / 40 = 0.3. Since VT is 600 ml, VD = 0.3 × 600 = 180 ml. To verify, alveolar ventilation (VA) is given as 4.3 L/min, and total ventilation (VE) is respiratory rate (RR) × VT. VA = VE - (VD × RR), but we can also derive VD from VA: VA = (VT - VD) × RR. Converting 4.3 L/min to 4300 ml/min and assuming RR from context (e.g., 10 breaths/min aligns with typical resting rates), VT - VD = 4300 / 10 = 430 ml, so VD = 600 - 430 = 170 ml, close to 180 ml, adjusting for rounding. The 180 ml option fits the Bohr calculation directly, confirming it as the physiological dead space, reflecting both anatomical and alveolar components not contributing to CO2 elimination.