The main advantage of passive immunization over active immunization is that

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: it provides antibody more rapidly. Passive immunization involves giving pre-formed antibodies directly to an individual, providing immediate protection. This is advantageous over active immunization, where the body needs time to produce antibodies after exposure to an antigen. Choice A is incorrect because passive immunization is typically administered through injection, not orally. Choice C is incorrect as the duration of antibody persistence is usually shorter in passive immunization compared to active immunization. Choice D is incorrect because passive immunization can contain various types of antibodies, not just IgM.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Active immunity is when the body produces its antibodies after being exposed to a specific pathogen. 2. When someone has chicken pox, their immune system creates memory cells that recognize the virus. 3. If exposed to the virus again, the memory cells quickly respond, preventing re-infection. 4. This demonstrates active immunity as the individual's immune system actively defends against the pathogen. Summary: A: Biological control does not apply as it refers to natural predators controlling pest populations. B: Negative feedback is a regulatory mechanism in the body, not related to immunity. D: Passive immunity involves receiving pre-formed antibodies, not the body's own immune response like in the case of chicken pox.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and weakens the immune system, making the body unable to defend itself against pathogens and cancerous cells. HIV specifically targets CD4 T cells, crucial for coordinating immune responses. This leads to a compromised immune system, leaving the body vulnerable to infections and unable to combat cancerous cells effectively. Choice A is incorrect as a genetic tendency toward diabetes does not directly impact the body's ability to defend against pathogens and cancerous cells. Choice B is incorrect as ringworm is a fungal infection that can be treated and does not typically affect the immune system in a way that compromises defense mechanisms. Choice C is incorrect as the production of antibodies in response to an infection is a normal immune response that helps the body fight off pathogens, rather than weakening the immune system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because bringing the sexual partner in for treatment is a key aspect of preventing the spread of genital warts. By ensuring that the partner is screened and treated, it helps to prevent reinfection and further transmission. Choice A is incorrect as resuming sexual activity before the lesions are healed can lead to the spread of infection. Choice C is incorrect because condom use should continue even after treatment to prevent the transmission of STIs. Choice D is incorrect as proper hygiene, including washing the affected area, is important in managing genital warts and preventing complications.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rheumatoid factor. An increase in rheumatoid factor can indicate arthritis, specifically rheumatoid arthritis, as it is an autoantibody that targets healthy tissue in the joints. This is a key diagnostic marker for rheumatoid arthritis. A: Direct Coomb's test is used to detect antibodies on the surface of red blood cells, not specific to arthritis. C: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a measure of kidney function and not typically associated with arthritis. D: Platelet count is unrelated to arthritis and is more indicative of clotting disorders or other conditions.