ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 9
The lowest level of needs in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Maslow's Hierarchy, physiologic needs form the lowest level, encompassing essentials like air, water, food, and shelter required for survival. These foundational needs must be met before higher levels like safety, love, or self-esteem can be addressed, as a person cannot focus on security or relationships if starving or dehydrated. For example, a client struggling to breathe prioritizes oxygen over emotional support, illustrating this hierarchy's practical application in nursing. Misplacing higher needs below physiologic ones ignores human survival instincts, making this the correct baseline for assessing client priorities in care planning.
Question 2 of 9
The nurse taught Mr. Gary about proper diet and exercise. This is an example of?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Teaching diet and exercise is health promotion (D) enhancing well-being, per definition. Primary (A) includes it but focuses prevention, secondary (B) detects, tertiary (C) rehabs. D best fits education's broad aim, making it correct.
Question 3 of 9
Initially after a brain attack (stroke, cerebrovascular accident), a client's pupils are equal and reactive to light. Four hours later the nurse identifies that one pupil reacts more slowly than the other. The client's systolic blood pressure is beginning to increase. On which condition should the nurse be prepared to focus care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Slow pupil reaction and rising systolic BP post-stroke indicate increased ICP (D), a common complication. Spinal (A) or hypovolemic shock (C) don't apply. Herniation (B) is a result. D is correct. Rationale: ICP from edema or bleeding requires urgent focus, per stroke management protocols, to prevent further brain damage.
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is caring for a client following a right total knee replacement. Which of the following should be included in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Checking the continuous passive motion (CPM) device is key post-right total knee replacement, ensuring it maintains joint mobility and prevents stiffness flat legs, pillows under knees, or prone positioning counter recovery goals. Nurses monitor CPM settings, promoting circulation and range of motion, critical for rehabilitation success.
Question 5 of 9
The nurse is caring for a client with a C6 spinal cord injury. Which activity should the nurse encourage to promote independence?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: C6 SCI allows arm movement; feeding with adaptive utensils (B) promotes independence. Wheelchair (A) is mobility. Walking (C) or full dressing (D) exceed C6 ability. B is correct. Rationale: C6 function supports elbow flexion, enabling self-feeding with tools, per rehabilitation goals, enhancing autonomy.
Question 6 of 9
Commonly used shunt in hydrocephalus management:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrocephalus shunts drain excess CSF. Ventriculoatrial (choice A) diverts to the atrium, less common now. Ventriculoperitoneal (choice B) to the peritoneum is standard, effective, and simpler to manage. Ventriculopericardial (choice C) and ventriculopleural (choice D) are rare alternatives. B is correct, widely used. Nurses monitor for infection, assess shunt function, and educate families, ensuring CSF control.
Question 7 of 9
The nurse is caring for a client with laryngeal cancer. The client's daughter asks the nurse how her father got cancer of the larynx. The nurse should explain that one risk factor is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a primary risk factor for laryngeal cancer, as tobacco's carcinogens directly irritate and mutate laryngeal tissues over time, a well-established link in oncology. Tuberculosis affects the lungs, not typically the larynx, while wood dust and air pollution are more associated with nasal or lung cancers. Nurses educate families on this connection, emphasizing smoking cessation to reduce risk, framing it as a preventable factor. This explanation addresses the daughter's query with clarity, grounding it in the client's likely history, and supports broader health teaching to mitigate future risks in the family.
Question 8 of 9
The nurse is caring for a client who has a terminal illness and is approaching death. Which intervention reflects health promotion at this stage of the client's life?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a terminally ill client nearing death, health promotion shifts from cure to comfort and dignity, aligning with holistic care. Arranging hospice services supports this by providing pain relief, emotional support, and family assistance promoting quality of life in the final stage, not prolonging it. Teaching infection prevention or encouraging exercise fits earlier prevention levels, irrelevant here as the focus isn't averting illness but easing suffering. Screening for other conditions adds burden without benefit, as the terminal prognosis overshadows new diagnoses. Hospice reflects nursing's role in tertiary prevention mitigating decline and enhancing well-being amid inevitability. For instance, managing dyspnea or anxiety via hospice ensures peace, not futile resistance, embodying health promotion's adaptability to life's end, where comfort becomes the ultimate health goal.
Question 9 of 9
Which of the following statement, if made by the nurse, is considered not therapeutic?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: It must be awful (B) isn't therapeutic; it assumes the client's feelings, projecting the nurse's view, per Rogers. Asking past coping (A), feelings (C), or triggers (D) invites exploration, fostering trust. B risks shutting down dialogue by implying judgment, not empathy, making it non-therapeutic and the correct answer.