ATI LPN
Exam Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The internal layer of tissue in the heart is the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The endocardium, the heart's internal layer, is endothelium over connective tissue, lining chambers and contacting blood, distinct from epicardium (outer), myocardium (muscle), and pericardium (sac). It ensures smooth flow, key in endocarditis where infection targets it, a critical inner boundary in heart anatomy and pathology.
Question 2 of 5
Pharmacological treatment would the nurse administer at prevention of pulmonary embolism?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enoxaparin (C) prevents pulmonary embolism (PE), per document (3). This anticoagulant (LMWH) inhibits factor Xa, reducing clot risk (e.g., 40 mg/day). Streptokinase (A) dissolves clots, not prevents. Vitamin K (B) reverses anticoagulation opposite effect. Protamine (D) counters heparin overdose. PE prophylaxis (e.g., post-surgery) relies on C's antithrombotic action 80% risk reduction unlike A's thrombolysis or B's clotting aid.
Question 3 of 5
What would be a priority nursing intervention for a child with bronchiolitis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-Fowler's (C) is priority for bronchiolitis, per document (implied 3). Upright (60°) eases RSV dyspnea (RR >40), improving O₂ (SpO₂ >92%). Stimulation (A) worsens distress. I&O (B) monitors, not intervenes. Fluids (D) risk aspiration if tachypneic. C's positioning Vt up 20% directly aids breathing, unlike B's tracking, per AAP guidelines.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse documents which expected findings after auscultating the lungs of a child with bacterial pneumonia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Crackles (B) are expected in bacterial pneumonia, per document (2). Consolidation (e.g., S. pneumoniae) fills alveoli with exudate (100 mL), causing fine crackles (80% cases) on inspiration fluid popping open. Wheezes (A) fit asthma. Apnea (C) is fatigue, not auscultation. Retractions (D) are visual. B's sound per ATS flags infection, unlike A's obstruction.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following describes a correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct respiratory passageway order is pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. Air enters via nose/mouth to the pharynx (throat), passes the larynx (voice box), enters the trachea (windpipe), splits into bronchi (lung branches), then bronchioles (smaller airways) before alveoli. Other sequences misorder: trachea before larynx (C) or bronchioles before bronchi (B) defy anatomy; pharynx-to-trachea skips larynx (A). This flow pharynx to larynx to trachea to bronchi to bronchioles conditions air and directs it for gas exchange, a foundational pathway in respiratory anatomy, critical for airway management and pathology localization.