ATI LPN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiac Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The initial sign of nephrosis that the nurse might note in the child would be :
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Periorbital edema (B) is an early sign of nephrotic syndrome due to protein loss and fluid retention. Rash (A), fever (C), and pain (D) are not typical. Document: 'An early sign… is periorbital edema.'
Question 2 of 5
Hereditary methaemoglobinaemia is most commonly due to deficiency of which red cell enzyme?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hereditary methemoglobinemia is most commonly due to cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency (Choice A), impairing reduction of methemoglobin to hemoglobin, causing cyanosis. Glutathione peroxidase (Choice B) protects against oxidative stress, not methemoglobin. Heme oxygenase (Choice C) degrades heme, unrelated here. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (Choice D) affects folate metabolism. Cytochrome b5 reductase is the key enzyme.
Question 3 of 5
Which first-line agents are preferred in treating seizures secondary to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE):
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenobarbital is the first-line treatment for neonatal HIE seizures, per AAP and WHO guidelines, due to efficacy and safety. Benzodiazepines are adjunctive, paraldehyde is obsolete, phenytoin is second-line, and propofol is contraindicated in neonates.
Question 4 of 5
In newborns with polycythemia, highly elevated viscosity is due to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polycythemia increases viscosity primarily via a high RBC count , raising hematocrit (AAP). Plasma volume contributes less, and capillary factors (C-E) are secondary.
Question 5 of 5
Most common cause of severe mental retardation is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chromosomal disorders , like Down syndrome, are the top cause of severe mental retardation due to prevalence and impact (CDC). B-E are less frequent.