ATI LPN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 4
The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High ECF osmolality draws water out of cells via osmosis.
Question 2 of 4
ADH causes the renal tubules to retain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys.
Question 3 of 4
A patient has suffered lesions in the hypothalamus and lost the ability to produce ADH. Despite this loss, plasma sodium levels are maintained at normal or near-normal levels. a. Speculate why the urine output of this individual increases dramatically. b. If the urine output increases dramatically, what must happen to fluid intake in order to maintain homeostasis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: No ADH reduces water reabsorption, increasing urine output. b. Fluid intake must increase to maintain homeostasis.
Question 4 of 4
The nurse is making a home visit to a child who has a chronic disease. Which finding has the most implication for acid-base aspects of this patient's care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oliguria decreases the excretion of metabolic acids and is a risk factor for metabolic acidosis. Jaundice requires follow-up but is not an acid-base problem. Perioral chapped skin needs intervention but is not an acid-base issue. With three blankets, diaphoresis is not unusual.