ATI LPN
NP Practice Questions Pediatric Immunizations Questions
Question 1 of 5
The immediate intervention used for anaphylaxis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine is the first-line, immediate treatment for anaphylaxis, administered intramuscularly (e.g., via EpiPen) to reverse airway constriction, hypotension, and other life-threatening symptoms by stimulating alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. Choice A (Benadryl, diphenhydramine) and D (Reactine, cetirizine) are antihistamines used as adjuncts to reduce itching and hives but do not address acute airway or cardiovascular collapse. Choice B (Gravol, dimenhydrinate) is an antiemetic, irrelevant to anaphylaxis.
Question 2 of 5
An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine that:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An attenuated vaccine contains a live but weakened (attenuated) virus or bacteria that replicates minimally in the host, stimulating a strong immune response without causing disease (e.g., MMR, varicella). Choice A describes inactivated/killed vaccines, Choice B refers to combination vaccines (not attenuation), and Choice C describes toxoid vaccines (e.g., tetanus), making Choice D the correct definition.
Question 3 of 5
During a routine pediatric visit, a 6-month-old patient will need which of the following vaccines?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Per CDC guidelines, a 6-month-old at a routine visit receives RV (rotavirus, dose 3 if RotaTeq), DTaP (dose 3), Hib (dose 3), PCV (dose 3), and IPV (dose 3). HepA starts at 12 months, MMR and Varicella at 12-15 months, and influenza annually starting at 6 months (but requires 2 doses 4 weeks apart initially, not fully captured here). HepB dose 3 is typically at 6-18 months but often given earlier (e.g., birth, 1-2 months, 6 months). Choice C is the most accurate standard set without overcomplicating the schedule.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is discussing vaccines with the mother of a 4-year-old child who attends a day care center that requires the DTaP vaccine. The mother, who is pregnant, tells the nurse that she does not want her child to receive the pertussis vaccine because she has heard that the disease is 'not that serious' in older children. Which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pertussis is highly contagious and severe in newborns, who lack immunity. If the 4-year-old contracts it (e.g., at daycare), they could transmit it to the newborn (Choice B). Choice A is false—vaccinating the mother (Tdap recommended at 27-36 weeks) protects her and the baby, not vice versa. Choice C is irrelevant (mother’s pregnancy doesn’t affect child’s vaccination), and Choice D is incorrect (active immunity in the child doesn’t confer passive immunity to the fetus).
Question 5 of 5
During a routine pediatric visit, a 4-month-old patient will need which of the following vaccines?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 4 months, the CDC schedule includes RV (dose 2), DTaP (dose 2), Hib (dose 2), PCV (dose 2), and IPV (dose 2) (Choice C). MMR and Varicella start at 12-15 months, HepA at 12 months, and HepB dose 3 is typically at 6-18 months, not 4 months.