ATI LPN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions and Answers PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
The hypothalamic thirst center is stimulated by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The hypothalamic thirst center is activated by significant triggers: a 10-15% drop in plasma volume (hypovolemia) or a 1-2% rise in plasma osmolality (hyperosmolality), detected by osmoreceptors and baroreceptors. These thresholds prompt thirst to restore fluid balance. Smaller changes (B) are insufficient, and C and D are outcomes, not stimuli, making A correct.
Question 2 of 5
The medical-surgical nurse, who cares for a patient newly diagnosed with cancer, observes the patient becoming angry with the physicians and nursing staff. The best approach to diffuse the emotionally charged discussion is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anger in a new cancer diagnosis reflects grief or fear. Directing the discussion and validating emotions (C) (e.g., 'I see you're upset, let's talk about it') de-escalates tension without false promises. Time alone (A) may isolate, peer talks (B) lack control, and social work (D) delays immediate response, making C the best approach.
Question 3 of 5
The student nurse is reviewing drugs that affect urinary elimination with the clinical preceptor. What statement made by the nurse would warrant further education by the clinical preceptor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Calcium channel blockers typically reduce bladder contractility, potentially causing retention, not increased elimination (C), warranting education. Diuretics (A), anticholinergics (B), and alpha blockers (D) are correct, as they respectively increase output, reduce urgency, and improve flow, making C the inaccurate statement.
Question 4 of 5
Concerning the macula densa:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The macula densa senses NaCl delivery (A), signals renin release when low (B), triggering angiotensin II and aldosterone (C). All are true—NaCl sensing adjusts GFR, low delivery prompts renin, leading to systemic effects—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, correct.
Question 5 of 5
A female client with an indwelling urinary catheter is suspected of having a urinary tract infection. Nurse Angel should collect a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirating urine from the self-sealing port with a sterile needle after antiseptic wipe (B) ensures a fresh, uncontaminated sample from the catheter, ideal for accurate culture and sensitivity. Disconnecting tubing (A) risks contamination, drainage bag urine (C) is stagnant and unreliable, and clamping then aspirating (D) is unnecessary and risks backflow, making B the standard, sterile method.