The healthcare provider understands that further teaching on the Influenza vaccine is needed when the patient states:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Further teaching is needed if the patient thinks the vaccine isn't recommended for older adults, as this is false seniors over 65 are a priority group due to high flu complication risks, per CDC guidelines. Effectiveness varying by individual (e.g., age, immunity) and strain match is true, reflecting real-world vaccine dynamics. A 60% incidence reduction is plausible when matched well, showing understanding. Not protecting against other viruses (e.g., colds) is accurate flu vaccines target influenza only. The misconception about older adults signals a gap; the provider must clarify that seniors need it most, often with high-dose versions, to prevent severe outcomes like pneumonia, ensuring the patient's knowledge aligns with evidence-based practice for their demographic.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Expiratory airflow obstruction diagnosed by spirometry (A) confirms emphysema'. Choice B is false; weight loss is common, akin to neoplasia. Choice C is incorrect; blood gases are normal at rest in pure emphysema (unlike bronchitis-dominant cases). Choice D is wrong; symptoms emerge with one-third parenchymal loss, not one-quarter. Choice E (purulent cough) fits bronchitis, not pure emphysema. Page 721 details spirometry's role reduced FEV₁/FVC reflects irreversible obstruction from alveolar destruction, making A the diagnostic cornerstone, unlike B's rarity claim or C's gas error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intrinsic asthma is triggered by viral infections (C), a non-allergic mechanism. Choice A is false; extrinsic asthma is Type I hypersensitivity. Choice B is incorrect; extrinsic (atopic) is most common. Choice D is wrong; IgE levels are normal. Choice E (negative skin tests) is true but not listed. Page 726 notes C's viral trigger respiratory infections (e.g., RSV) provoke hyperresponsiveness without IgE, contrasting with A's allergic basis or B's prevalence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pleural plaques are the most common asbestos exposure finding (B), seen in parietal pleura. Choice A is false; asbestos bodies (ferruginous) are frequent but less common than plaques. Choice C is incorrect; plaques form anterolaterally and over diaphragmatic domes, not apices. Choice D is wrong; plaques are fibrous, not containing asbestos bodies (parenchyma does). Choice E (uncommon effusions) is true. Page 736 highlights B's prevalence calcified plaques mark chronic exposure, unlike A's frequency or C's location error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of death in influenza epidemics (C), via superinfection. Choice A is false; respiratory infections outnumber UTIs in both sexes. Choice B is true; pneumonia is parenchymal infection. Choice D is incorrect; gram-negative rods (e.g., Klebsiella) dominate nosocomial cases, not Strep pneumoniae. Choice E (respiratory portal) is true. Page 747 confirms C's epidemiology influenza weakens defenses, leading to fatal bacterial overlay, unlike A's prevalence or D's pathogen.