ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The healthcare provider notes this rhythm on the client's cardiac monitor. The healthcare provider next reports that the client is experiencing which heart rhythm?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by rapid, chaotic electrical impulses in the atria, leading to an irregular and often rapid ventricular response. This results in a quivering or irregular heartbeat, which can lead to complications like stroke or heart failure. Option A) Normal sinus rhythm is the typical, healthy heart rhythm where electrical impulses originate from the sinus node in a regular pattern. This is not the correct answer because the described rhythm is not regular. Option C) Sinus bradycardia is a slower-than-normal heart rate originating from the sinus node. While it is a possibility, the description of a rapid and chaotic rhythm does not align with sinus bradycardia. Option D) Ventricular fibrillation is a life-threatening emergency where the ventricles quiver and are unable to effectively pump blood. This is not the correct answer because the description provided pertains to atrial, not ventricular, activity. Understanding cardiac rhythms is crucial in healthcare, especially for LPNs who may need to identify abnormal rhythms promptly. Atrial fibrillation requires appropriate management to prevent complications, making it important for healthcare providers to recognize and act on this rhythm promptly.
Question 2 of 5
A hypertensive client who has been taking metoprolol (Lopressor) has been prescribed to decrease the dose of the medication. The client asks the nurse why this must be done over a period of 1 to 2 weeks. In formulating a response, the nurse incorporates the understanding that abrupt withdrawal could affect the client in which way?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Precipitate rebound hypertension. When a client abruptly stops taking a beta-blocker medication like metoprolol, which is used to treat hypertension, it can lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure. This rebound effect occurs because the body has become reliant on the medication to help regulate blood pressure. By tapering the dose over 1 to 2 weeks, the body can gradually adjust to lower levels of the medication, reducing the risk of rebound hypertension. Option A) Result in hypoglycemia is incorrect because beta-blockers like metoprolol are not typically associated with causing hypoglycemia. Option B) Give the client insomnia is incorrect because reducing the dose of metoprolol should not directly cause insomnia as a withdrawal effect. Option D) Cause enhanced side effects of other prescribed medications is incorrect because the primary concern with abrupt withdrawal of metoprolol is the risk of rebound hypertension, not necessarily an increase in side effects of other medications. In an educational context, understanding the importance of tapering medications like beta-blockers is crucial for nurses to ensure patient safety and prevent potential complications such as rebound hypertension. Educating clients on the rationale behind dose adjustments can help them adhere to their treatment plan and manage their condition effectively.
Question 3 of 5
A client is admitted to the hospital with a venous stasis leg ulcer. The nurse inspects the ulcer expecting to note which observation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When assessing a venous stasis leg ulcer, the nurse should expect to note a brownish or 'brawny' appearance. This discoloration is often due to hemosiderin deposits. This characteristic finding helps differentiate venous stasis ulcers from other types of ulcers, making it crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Question 4 of 5
After returning the client to bed following a cardiac catheterization procedure with the left femoral vessel as the access site, the nurse places a sign above the bed instructing the client to remain on bed rest and in which position?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) With the head of the bed elevated no more than 15 degrees. **Explanation:** After a cardiac catheterization procedure, especially when the femoral artery is used as the access site, it is crucial to maintain bed rest to prevent bleeding or complications at the insertion site. Keeping the head of the bed elevated no more than 15 degrees helps reduce the risk of bleeding by minimizing pressure on the femoral artery and promoting hemostasis without increasing the workload on the heart. **Why others are wrong:** A) In semi-Fowler's position or B) with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees may increase the risk of bleeding by putting more pressure on the femoral artery. D) Elevating the foot of the bed is not necessary for this scenario and could potentially increase venous return, leading to increased pressure at the femoral access site. **Educational context:** Understanding the rationale behind positioning post-cardiac catheterization is crucial for nurses to prevent complications and promote patient safety. It is essential for nurses to have a strong foundation in pharmacology to comprehend the implications of patient positioning on cardiovascular function and vascular access sites. By adhering to evidence-based practices, nurses can ensure optimal patient outcomes in post-procedural care.
Question 5 of 5
A client's serum calcium level is 7.9 mg/dL. The nurse is immediately concerned, knowing that this level could lead to which complication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Cardiac arrest. A serum calcium level of 7.9 mg/dL is considered low (normal range is 8.5-10.2 mg/dL), a condition known as hypocalcemia. Low serum calcium levels can have serious consequences on the cardiovascular system, potentially leading to cardiac arrhythmias, which can progress to cardiac arrest if not promptly addressed. Option A) Stroke is not directly associated with low serum calcium levels. While calcium plays a role in blood clotting, hypocalcemia is more likely to manifest with cardiac issues rather than strokes. Option C) High blood pressure is not a typical complication of low serum calcium levels. Hypocalcemia is more likely to affect the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems rather than directly impacting blood pressure. Option D) Urinary stone formation is more commonly associated with conditions like hypercalcemia (high calcium levels) rather than hypocalcemia. Low calcium levels would not typically predispose someone to urinary stone formation. Educationally, understanding the implications of abnormal serum calcium levels is crucial for nurses, especially in settings where monitoring electrolyte imbalances is essential. This knowledge enables nurses to recognize potential complications early, intervene promptly, and collaborate effectively with the healthcare team to ensure optimal patient outcomes.