ATI LPN
ATI PN Adult Medical Surgical 2019 Questions
Question 1 of 5
The healthcare professional is caring for a client with a chest tube following a thoracotomy. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber. Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber indicates an air leak in the system, which can lead to pneumothorax or compromised lung function. Immediate intervention is required to prevent complications. Serosanguineous drainage in the collection chamber (B) is expected after thoracotomy. Intermittent bubbling in the suction control chamber (C) is normal and indicates proper suction function. Chest tube secured to the client's chest wall (D) is essential for stability and should not require immediate intervention.
Question 2 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is experiencing hyperkalemia. Which intervention should the nurse implement to address this condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer calcium gluconate. Calcium gluconate is used to stabilize the cardiac membrane in hyperkalemia, preventing dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. It does not lower potassium levels but helps protect the heart. B: Encouraging a diet high in potassium would worsen hyperkalemia. C: Providing potassium supplements would further elevate potassium levels. D: Restricting sodium intake does not directly address hyperkalemia.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy. Which laboratory result indicates that the client is at risk for infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: White blood cell count of 2,000/mm3. A low white blood cell count indicates leukopenia, which increases the risk of infection in clients receiving chemotherapy. Hemoglobin level (choice A) and platelet count (choice B) are not directly related to infection risk. Serum creatinine level (choice D) is related to kidney function, not infection risk. In summary, a low white blood cell count is the most critical indicator for infection risk in clients undergoing chemotherapy.
Question 4 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scheduled for a renal biopsy. Which pre-procedure instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid taking anticoagulant medications for one week before the biopsy. This is essential to prevent excessive bleeding during and after the procedure. Chronic kidney disease patients are at higher risk of bleeding due to impaired kidney function. A: Maintaining a low-protein diet is not directly related to the biopsy procedure and is not necessary. C: Drinking plenty of fluids may be beneficial for renal function but is not a specific pre-procedure instruction for a renal biopsy. D: Taking routine medications with water is important, but specific instructions regarding anticoagulant medications are more critical in this case.
Question 5 of 5
A client with newly diagnosed hypertension is prescribed enalapril (Vasotec). Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Report any persistent cough to your healthcare provider. Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor that can cause a dry, persistent cough as a side effect. This cough can be a sign of a serious condition called angioedema. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to report any cough to their healthcare provider promptly to assess and manage it. Incorrect choices: A: Increasing intake of potassium-rich foods is not necessary when taking enalapril, as it does not typically cause potassium imbalances. C: Enalapril can be taken with or without food, so taking it with a full meal is not a specific instruction. D: Avoiding grapefruit juice is typically recommended for medications metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme, which enalapril is not.