ATI LPN
Renal System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The glucose started to appear in the urine before the transport maximum is reached because?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucose appears in urine before the overall Tmax (e.g., 375 mg/min) is reached because nephrons have varying Tmax values (splay). Some nephrons saturate earlier, spilling glucose while others still reabsorb, reflecting heterogeneity in reabsorption capacity. Complete reabsorption (B) occurs below Tmax, and tubular damage (D) isn't implied, making A correct.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following laboratory results below indicates compensated metabolic alkalosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compensated metabolic alkalosis involves high HCO₃⻠(e.g., from vomiting) raising pH, with respiratory compensation increasing PCOâ‚‚ via hypoventilation to normalize pH. High PCOâ‚‚, high HCO₃â», and high (near-normal) pH (D) reflect this. Low PCOâ‚‚ (A, B) suggests respiratory alkalosis, and low pH (C) indicates acidosis, making D correct.
Question 3 of 5
A nursing department in an acute care setting decides to redesign its nursing practice based on a theoretical framework. The feedback from patients, families, and staff reflects that caring is a key element. Which theorist best supports this concept?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Jean Watson's theory of human caring emphasizes caring as the essence of nursing, focusing on holistic, patient-centered relationships, aligning with feedback valuing caring. Erikson (A) addresses development, Maslow (B) needs hierarchy, and Rogers (C) client-centered therapy, but Watson (D) directly supports caring as a framework.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is evaluating a patient for urinary retention. What clinical presentation would the nurse expect to find if the patient is experiencing urinary retention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urinary retention, the inability to empty the bladder fully, causes a distended bladder and lower abdominal discomfort (B) due to urine accumulation. Frequency (A) suggests urgency, clear urine (C) is unrelated, and rapid stream (D) contradicts retention, making B the expected finding.
Question 5 of 5
Within eight hours following large intravenous aldosterone infusion the following is(are) clinically evident:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases collecting duct sodium reabsorption (A is false), enhances K⺠and H⺠excretion (B is false), causing hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and alkalosis (C, true). Within eight hours, these electrolyte and pH shifts are evident, making C (reassigned as D) correct.