The four major concepts in nursing theory are

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing theory revolves around four major concepts: person (the client), environment (external influences), nursing (the profession's actions), and health (the client's well-being). These form a metaparadigm, a foundational framework for models like Roy's Adaptation or Orem's Self-Care, guiding practice and research. Promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative are health care approaches, not core theoretical concepts specific to intervention types, not theory's essence. Nurse, person, environment, care swaps 'health' for 'care,' diluting the holistic focus; 'nursing' encompasses care broadly. Person, environment, theory, health replaces 'nursing' with 'theory,' confusing the framework with its product. The quartet of person, environment, nursing, and health unifies nursing's domain, ensuring theories address the client, their context, the nurse's role, and desired outcomes, making it the widely accepted answer in nursing scholarship.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lungs are the site of gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bed making is the process of preparing a bed with fresh linens.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The holistic approach enhances satisfaction through comprehensive care and relationships.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Caffeine acts as a diuretic, increasing urine output.