ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The following is (are) true of alveolar proteinosis:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alveolar proteinosis features diffuse lung changes with mottling and reticulation (B) on imaging surfactant-filled alveoli create a tree-in-bud' or crazy paving' pattern, reflecting its pathology. Pulmonary lavage (A) uses saline, not heparin (an anticoagulant), to clear proteinaceous material, making A false. Vital capacity (C) drops, not normal, due to alveolar filling reducing lung volumes restrictive pattern on spirometry. Thus, D (A & C) and E (all) fail; B alone holds. This rare condition, often tied to dust exposure or autoimmunity, impairs gas exchange, and lavage is therapeutic, not heparin-based, a distinction critical in pulmonology and treatment planning.
Question 2 of 5
Indication for non-operability in lung cancer are:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Markedly decreased diffusion capacity for CO (DLCO) (B) indicates non-operability in lung cancer poor gas exchange (e.g., DLCO <40% predicted) predicts post-resection respiratory failure. Decreased compliance (A), V/Q mismatch (C), hypoventilation (D), or pulmonary hypertension impair function but aren't primary surgical contraindications DLCO directly assesses alveolar-capillary integrity. Low DLCO, from tumor or emphysema, limits resection tolerance, key in preoperative pulmonary function testing for surgical planning in chest oncology.
Question 3 of 5
Thalassemia minor typically demonstrates an increase in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thalassemia minor mild β-thalassemia raises hemoglobin A₂ (B) (e.g., 3.5-7%) from compensatory δ-chain production, detected via electrophoresis. Hemoglobin A (A) dominates but is reduced. HbS (C) is sickle cell, unrelated. HbF (D) rises in severe forms, not minor. All' overstates. A₂ elevation reflects β-chain defect, key in nursing for genetic counseling and distinguishing from iron deficiency.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following occurs with chronic lymphocytic leukemia:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) features skin lesions, positive Coombs test, and hypogammaglobulinemia (C) lymphocyte proliferation causes autoimmune hemolysis (Coombs), infections (low IgG), and rare cutaneous infiltration. B12 (A) rises from binding protein, not universal. Philadelphia chromosome (B) is CML. Uric acid (D) ties to turnover, not specific. Pelger-Huet is congenital. C's triad reflects CLL's immune dysfunction, key in nursing for infection prophylaxis and anemia management.
Question 5 of 5
Vitamin K deficiency result in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K deficiency causes bleeding manifestations (B) lacking K impairs factors II, VII, IX, X synthesis, prolonging PT (e.g., >15s), causing bruising, epistaxis. Spoon nails (A), alopecia (C), fissured tongue (D) tie to iron or B12. Jaundice fits liver failure, not K alone. Bleeding is key, guiding nursing for vitamin K injection and monitoring INR.