The following hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands except

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Adrenals secrete cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline e.g., stress, BP, fight-flight unlike insulin (pancreas). Nurses know e.g., Addison's for roles, per physiology.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Myra Levine's Conservation Model, from the 1960s, outlines four principles energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, social integrity to maintain wholeness. For example, conserving energy in a fatigued patient via rest preserves function. Unlike Leininger's cultural care, Orlando's interaction focus, or Parse's existential lens, Levine's principles guide nurses to protect patient unity, influencing holistic care strategies in clinical settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Team model for care is care delivery model (A) structured approach, per definition. Policy (B) rules, education (C) teaches, epidemiology (D) patterns not model-specific. A fits care structure, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Immediately following an acute injury like a twisted ankle, neutrophils (A) are the first white blood cells (WBCs) to proliferate at the site. They respond within hours, driven by chemotaxis to phagocytose pathogens and debris in the early inflammatory phase. Basophils (B) are involved in allergic responses, not acute trauma. Eosinophils (C) target parasites and allergies, not immediate injury. Monocytes (D) arrive later, becoming macrophages for chronic cleanup. Neutrophils' rapid mobilization and dominance in acute inflammation peaking within 24-48 hours make A the correct answer for this immediate post-injury scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs (e.g., breathing) over safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Ineffective breathing pattern, evidenced by shortness of breath, threatens oxygenation a fundamental survival need making it the highest priority. Pain-induced respiratory distress could escalate to hypoxia, requiring immediate action like repositioning or oxygen support. Anxiety, while distressing, is a psychological need, lower on Maslow's scale unless it impairs breathing (not indicated here). Risk of injury is a safety concern, important but not immediate unless actualized. Impaired communication affects social interaction, even lower priority, manageable with alternative methods. Breathing's critical role in sustaining life places this diagnosis at the top, demanding swift nursing response to stabilize the patient before addressing less urgent needs, aligning with Maslow's foundational logic.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Aging and cancer reduce pain tolerance due to decreased adaptive capacity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Florence Nightingale pioneered the idea that a patient's environment directly impacts recovery, a cornerstone of modern nursing. In the 19th century, she observed that poor sanitation, inadequate ventilation, and excessive noise hindered healing, while clean, well-ventilated spaces supported it. Her work during the Crimean War demonstrated this, reducing mortality rates by altering hospital conditions. She viewed the patient as having innate reparative abilities, enhanced by environmental factors like hygiene and comfort, rather than relying solely on medical intervention. This differed from later theorists: Benner focused on skill acquisition, Swanson on caring processes, and King on goal attainment through nurse-client interactions. Nightingale's rejection of germ theory didn't diminish her environmental focus, which remains influential. Her theory laid the groundwork for nursing's emphasis on holistic care, prioritizing the manipulation of external conditions to nurture the body's natural healing processes, a principle still evident in infection control and patient comfort practices today.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A signed donor card is a legal document honored after death (D), per donation laws Mr. Gary's wish guides. Wife can't revoke (A) isn't absolute family may influence. Harvesting despite objections (B) or post-signing (C) misstates process. D reflects legal intent, making it true.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Adrenals secrete cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline e.g., stress, BP, fight-flight unlike insulin (pancreas). Nurses know e.g., Addison's for roles, per physiology.