The following factors are to be considered in the use of chemical agent EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When selecting a chemical agent (e.g., disinfectant), practical efficacy and safety are paramount. 'The colour of the chemical agent,' is correct as the exception because it does not impact the agent's ability to kill pathogens, unlike the other factors. 'Stability during storage,' is critical, as an unstable agent (e.g., bleach losing potency) becomes ineffective. 'Efficiency of the chemical agent,' is essential, determining its pathogen-killing power (e.g., contact time studies in microbiology). 'Time taken to act,' affects usability, as faster agents are preferred in urgent settings. Colour, however, is cosmetic, not functional; guidelines like those from the EPA focus on performance metrics, not appearance. While colour might indicate concentration in rare cases, it's not a standard consideration in efficacy, making D the irrelevant factor among these practical criteria.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacokinetically, routes are compared by absorption speed and bioavailability. 'Subcutaneous,' is correct because it, like intramuscular (IM), involves injection into tissue with similar absorption via capillaries, though slower than IM due to less vascularity (e.g., Rang & Dale's Pharmacology). 'Enteral,' is oral, with first-pass metabolism, unlike IM. 'Intravenous,' delivers directly to blood, bypassing absorption. 'Intracardial,' is rare, directly into the heart, not tissue-based. Subcutaneous and IM share depot-like absorption patterns, making B the closest match to IM's profile, distinct from systemic or gastrointestinal routes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) is a muscle relaxant used in anesthesia. 'Depolarizing muscle relaxant,' is correct because it mimics acetylcholine, causing persistent depolarization and paralysis, per pharmacology texts (e.g., Katzung). 'Non depolarizing muscle relaxant,' (e.g., rocuronium) competes with acetylcholine, not depolarizes. 'Induction agent,' (e.g., propofol) induces unconsciousness, not relaxation. 'Reversal agent,' (e.g., neostigmine) counters non-depolarizing agents, not suxamethonium. Its depolarizing mechanism, ideal for rapid intubation, makes A the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing research aims to enhance practice and knowledge, not profit. 'Professional credibility and profit making,' is correct as the exception; profit isn't a goal, though credibility is, per nursing research texts (e.g., Polit & Beck). 'Professional advancement...,' supports career growth. 'Promotion of evidenced based nursing practice,' improves care quality. 'Development of critical thinking...,' fosters skills. Profit-making's commercial focus clashes with nursing's patient-centered ethos, making A the inaccurate goal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The research process encompasses all stages of a study. 'Steps followed in carrying out a research,' is correct, covering problem identification to analysis, per research frameworks (e.g., Creswell). 'Analysis and presentation...,' is one phase. 'Identification and description...,' is the start only. 'Research design,' is a component. The holistic scope of A captures the full process, making it the precise answer.