The following are true of virus EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Viruses are unique pathogens with specific characteristics, and the question seeks the false statement. 'It multiplies by binary fission,' is correct as the exception because viruses do not reproduce via binary fission (a bacterial process of splitting into two); instead, they replicate by hijacking host cells to produce viral components. 'It cannot be grown on inanimate object or artificial media,' is true, as viruses require living host cells, not artificial media alone. 'It possesses either DNA or RNA but never both,' is true, as viruses are either DNA or RNA-based, not dual (per virology texts like Fields Virology). 'It is heat labile,' is true, as most viruses are sensitive to heat. Binary fission's absence in viral replication, contrasted with their reliance on host machinery, makes D the false statement, aligning with established virological principles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In civil law, the plaintiff is the party who initiates a lawsuit, seeking remedy for a wrong. 'Plaintiff,' is correct because it identifies this role, as defined in civil procedure (e.g., Federal Rules of Civil Procedure). 'Lawyer,' represents, not brings, the suit. 'Defendant,' is the party sued. 'Nurse,' is irrelevant unless specified as the plaintiff. The plaintiff's position as the accuser in cases like negligence suits against a nurse distinguishes it, making C the accurate answer, grounded in legal tradition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: General anesthesia induces systemic unconsciousness, typically via intravenous or inhalation routes. 'Intrathecal,' is correct as the exception because it's used for regional (spinal) anesthesia, injecting into the spinal canal, not systemic general anesthesia (e.g., Barash's Clinical Anesthesia). 'Intravenous,' (e.g., propofol) and 'Inhalation,' (e.g., sevoflurane) are standard for general anesthesia. 'Rectal,' though rare, can be used (e.g., barbiturates in pediatrics). Intrathecal's local effect contrasts with general anesthesia's whole-body requirement, making A the accurate exclusion.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A scholarly literature review aims for depth but not necessarily exhaustiveness. 'The review is exhaustive and comprehensive,' is not correct because reviews are selective, focusing on relevant studies, per research standards (e.g., Booth's Systematic Reviews). 'Secondary sources are not most preferred,' is true; primary sources are favored. 'Journals and theses are good sources,' is accurate, offering credible data. 'It helps to identify strength and weakness,' is true, assessing prior work. Exhaustiveness is impractical and less critical than relevance, making A the false statement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Descriptive studies describe phenomena without manipulating variables. 'Comparative study,' is correct as not purely descriptive; it often infers differences or causality (e.g., Polit & Beck), unlike the others. 'Correlational study,' describes relationships. 'Cross sectional study,' captures a snapshot. 'Case study,' details a single case. Comparative studies' analytical bent distinguishes D as the exception.