The following are goals for conducting nursing research except

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing research aims to enhance practice and knowledge, not profit. 'Professional credibility and profit making,' is correct as the exception; profit isn't a goal, though credibility is, per nursing research texts (e.g., Polit & Beck). 'Professional advancement...,' supports career growth. 'Promotion of evidenced based nursing practice,' improves care quality. 'Development of critical thinking...,' fosters skills. Profit-making's commercial focus clashes with nursing's patient-centered ethos, making A the inaccurate goal.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stroke volume (SV) is the blood pumped per beat, influenced by preload (ventricular filling). 'Preload,' is correct, per Frank-Starling law (e.g., Costanzo's Physiology). 'Postload,' is a misnomer; afterload resists SV. 'Cardiac output,' is SV × HR, not a determinant. 'Cardiac overload,' is vague. Preload's direct effect on SV makes A the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Progesterone, vital for maintaining pregnancy, is primarily secreted by the placenta after early ovarian production. 'Placenta,' is correct, per physiology texts like Guyton, sustaining uterine growth and preventing contractions. 'Anterior pituitary,' secretes FSH and LH, not progesterone directly. 'Ovary,' produces it initially via the corpus luteum, but the placenta takes over. 'Posterior pituitary,' releases oxytocin, not progesterone. The placenta's role post-first trimester, maintaining pregnancy through progesterone, distinguishes C as the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Human gestation averages 280 days (40 weeks) from the last menstrual period (LMP). '280 days,' is correct, per obstetrics texts like Williams Obstetrics, a standard clinical estimate. '250 days,' is about 36 weeks, preterm. '300 days,' (43 weeks) and '320 days,' (46 weeks) exceed typical full-term. The 280-day norm, aligning with fetal development, makes B the precise answer, widely accepted in medical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nephron is the kidney's structural and functional unit, filtering blood and forming urine. 'Nephron,' is correct, per physiology texts like Vander, encompassing glomerulus and tubules. 'Glomerulus,' is part of the nephron. 'Renal artery,' supplies blood. 'Bowman's capsule,' encases the glomerulus within the nephron. The nephron's comprehensive role in filtration, reabsorption, and excretion makes B the precise answer.