ATI LPN
Urinary and Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The fluid in PCT is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) is isosmotic (~300 mOsm/L), as water and solutes (e.g., Naâº, Clâ») are reabsorbed proportionally via leaky epithelium and aquaporins. This maintains osmolarity similar to plasma. It's not hyperosmotic (A) or hypoosmotic (C), and ADH affects later segments (D), making B correct.
Question 2 of 5
The nursing diagnosis for a patient with a myocardial infarction is activity intolerance. The plan of care includes the patient outcome criterion of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Activity intolerance post-myocardial infarction reflects reduced cardiac capacity. An outcome like ambulating 50 feet without dyspnea (B) is specific, measurable, and aligns with improving tolerance. Smoking cessation (A) is unrelated, no dyspnea on exertion (C) is vague, and tolerating activity (D) lacks specificity, making B correct.
Question 3 of 5
What role does the parasympathetic nervous system play in urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The parasympathetic nervous system, via pelvic nerves (S2-S4), promotes bladder emptying (D) by contracting the detrusor muscle and relaxing the internal sphincter during micturition. Blood pressure (A) is autonomic, fight-or-flight (B) is sympathetic, and voluntary control (C) is somatic, making D the correct role.
Question 4 of 5
Within an hour following intravenous angiotensin II infusion, the following is(are) clinically evident:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin II rapidly increases proximal sodium uptake (A), causes vasoconstriction (B), and stimulates aldosterone release (C), all within an hour. All are true—sodium reabsorption rises, vessels constrict, aldosterone increases—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, correct.
Question 5 of 5
When a female client with an indwelling urinary (Foley) catheter insists on walking to the hospital lobby to visit with family members, nurse Rose teaches how to do this without compromising the catheter. Which client action indicates an accurate understanding of this information?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Keeping the drainage bag below the bladder at all times (B) ensures gravity drainage, preventing urine reflux and infection during mobility. Setting the bag on the floor (A) risks contamination, clamping tubing (C) blocks flow and raises pressure, and looping below entry (D) may kink tubing, making B the action showing correct understanding.