The first step in effective care planning is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Care planning starts with identifying needs , assessing what the client requires (e.g., mobility, hygiene), per nursing process models like ADPIE. Goals follow needs. Deadlines and resources come later. PSWs contribute to this initial step, ensuring tailored care, making 'Identifying needs' the correct first action.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: PSWs lack authority to predict death. Saying 'I don't know' is honest, deferring to experts, per scope. Choice B shifts abruptly, C involves the nurse well, and D is true but vague. The key picks 'A', aligning with PSW limits, making it the correct response.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts brain function, causing memory problems from hippocampal damage, difficulty speaking from Broca's area impact, and personality changes from frontal lobe injury all documented in neurology. 'All of the above' reflects TBI's broad effects, per rehab studies. PSWs support clients with these varied deficits, making it the correct and comprehensive answer.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) needs oversight. Crushing alters meds unless ordered. Water may not help enough. Holding skips doses improperly. Reporting to the supervisor ensures nursing assessment, per PSW scope, making it the correct and safe action.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Parkinson's is a nervous system disorder, with dopamine loss causing tremors and rigidity, per neurology. Heart , lungs , and kidneys aren't primary. PSWs aid mobility, making 'Nervous system' the correct affected system.