The external female genitalia is referred to as

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The vulva encompasses all external female genitalia, including labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. 'Vulva,' is correct, per gynecological anatomy (e.g., Gray's Anatomy). 'Vagina,' is internal. 'Clitoris,' and 'Labia,' are vulval parts, not the whole. Vulva's comprehensive term distinguishes B as the precise answer, anatomically accurate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The respiratory center, controlling breathing, is in the medulla oblongata. 'Medulla oblongata,' is correct, per physiology (e.g., Costanzo), with rhythm and depth regulation. 'Cerebrum,' handles cognition. 'Cerebellum,' coordinates movement. 'Hypothalamus,' regulates homeostasis, not breathing directly. The medulla's role makes C the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pathogenic bacteria cause disease. 'Lactobacillus,' is correct as the exception, typically beneficial (e.g., gut flora), per microbiology (e.g., Brock). 'Salmonella,' causes food poisoning. 'Shigella,' causes dysentery. 'Clostridium,' includes pathogens like C. tetani. Lactobacillus' probiotic role makes C the accurate answer.