The excretory system is responsible for moving toxic wastes, dissolved molecules, and excess heat. You would conclude that the excretory system contributes to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: The excretory system removes waste products to maintain dynamic equilibrium by regulating the body's internal environment. It helps control water balance, electrolyte levels, and pH, ensuring homeostasis. Circulating molecules (choice A) are more related to the circulatory system. Producing egg and sperm cells (choice C) pertains to the reproductive system. Gas exchange (choice D) is primarily carried out by the respiratory system. Thus, choice B is correct as the excretory system plays a crucial role in maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Dumping Syndrome. After gastric resection, rapid emptying of food into the small intestine can lead to symptoms like nausea, bloating, and diarrhea shortly after eating. This is characteristic of early dumping syndrome. Gastroparesis (A) involves delayed emptying of the stomach. Fascia dehiscence (B) refers to the separation of wound edges post-surgery. Somogyi effect (D) is related to rebound hyperglycemia in diabetes, not to the symptoms described.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relieved by eating. This is because food helps to neutralize stomach acid, providing temporary relief for duodenal ulcer pain. When the patient eats, the food acts as a buffer against the acid, reducing irritation and pain. The other choices are incorrect: A is not correct because pain after eating is typical of gastric ulcers, not duodenal ulcers. C is incorrect as duodenal ulcer pain is often related to meals due to increased acid secretion. D is incorrect as duodenal ulcer pain can occur at any time, not just at night.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: lamina propria. The lamina propria is the connective tissue layer of a mucous membrane located beneath the epithelium. It provides support and nourishment to the epithelial cells. The other choices are incorrect because: A) the submucosa is a layer deep to the lamina propria, containing glands, blood vessels, and nerves; B) subcutaneous tissue is found beneath the skin, not within mucous membranes; C) the papillary layer is part of the dermis of the skin, not associated with mucous membranes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because in most regions of the GI tract, the smooth muscle fibers of the muscularis are arranged into inner circular and outer longitudinal layers. This arrangement allows for peristalsis, the coordinated contraction and relaxation of the muscles to move food along the digestive tract. The inner circular layer constricts the lumen, while the outer longitudinal layer shortens the tube. This arrangement is consistent throughout the GI tract to facilitate the smooth movement of food. Choice B is incorrect because the outer circular and inner longitudinal layers are not the typical arrangement in the GI tract. Choice C is incorrect because although there are circular and longitudinal layers, their relative position does not vary significantly from region to region. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a meshwork pattern which is not typical of the muscularis arrangement in the GI tract.