The distribution of sodium and potassium ions between intracellular and extracellular compartments is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Potassium is mostly intracellular, while sodium is mostly extracellular, due to the sodium-potassium pump.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lower plasma osmolality inhibits ADH, increasing urine production to excrete excess water.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption, leading to hypernatremia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased aldosterone secretion enhances potassium excretion to correct hyperkalemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: PTH increases bone resorption to raise blood calcium levels.