The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is termed as

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pulse pressure is systolic minus diastolic e.g., 120-80 = 40 mmHg reflecting arterial elasticity. Apical rate (heartbeats), cardiac rate (synonym), and pulse deficit (apex-radial gap) differ. Nurses calculate this e.g., in hypertension for cardiovascular assessment, per hemodynamic principles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin, and Mary Ann Swain's Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory (1980s) sees nurses modeling health e.g., stress coping while adapting care to patient needs. Neuman's stressors, Newman's health expansion, and Benner's expertise differ. This theory fosters growth through tailored care, influencing holistic approaches in nursing practice and education.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings (1970s) posits humans as wholes beyond parts e.g., dignity persists post-trauma. Unlike Roy's adaptation, Henderson's needs, or Johnson's behavior, Rogers' wholistic view shapes nursing's focus on indivisible patient worth, influencing holistic care philosophies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Upper and Lower GI series target digestion, fitting the body system framework e.g., assessing stomach function. Functional (ADLs), head-to-toe (full), and cephalocaudal (top-down) are broader. Nurses use this e.g., GI issues for targeted care, per organ-specific assessment.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Normal respiration has a 1:2 inspiration-to-expiration ratio e.g., 1-second inhale, 2-second exhale due to passive expiration. Other ratios (2:1, 4:3, 1:1) don't match. Nurses observe this e.g., counting for baseline, per respiratory mechanics.