The dermis does not consist of

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: None of the above,' since the dermis contains all listed components: connective tissue, nerves, hair, and blood vessels. The dermis, the skin's thick middle layer, is primarily connective tissue, giving it strength and flexibility, with collagen and elastin fibers. Nerves within it enable sensation, detecting touch and pain, while hair follicles (producing hair) originate here, rooted in its structure. Blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients, supporting its vitality. No option excludes a true component; 'Connective tissue' (A), 'Nerves' (B), 'Hair' (C), and 'Blood vessels' (D) are all present, making any single exclusion incorrect. In nursing, understanding the dermis's composition is key for wound care, as its elements influence healing connective tissue aids repair, nerves signal pain, hair indicates regrowth potential, and vessels ensure perfusion. Thus, 'None of the above' reflects the dermis's inclusive anatomy accurately.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Primary intention,' as it describes Lois Griffin's heart transplant incision made deliberately, closed immediately with sutures post-surgery, promoting rapid healing with minimal scarring. Primary intention applies to clean, intentional wounds with edges approximated right after the procedure, typical in controlled surgical settings. 'Delayed primary intention' involves leaving the wound open briefly before closure, not immediate suturing as here. 'Secondary intention' is for wounds left open to heal naturally, unsuitable for a precise incision. 'Tertiary intention' combines initial openness with later closure, irrelevant to instant suturing. In nursing, primary intention is standard for surgeries like transplants, ensuring quick recovery and infection control. The question's focus on immediate closure rules out alternatives, making A the precise fit per wound healing classifications and surgical care protocols.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The LPN/LVN scope, per the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), includes hands-on tasks like changing dressings (Choice C), which aligns with practical care on a med-surg unit. Admitting patients often involves initial assessments, typically an RN role. Assessing deterioration requires advanced judgment, reserved for RNs. Collaborating with therapists is possible but leans toward care planning, often RN-led. Changing dressings is a core LPN skill safe, routine, and within scope requiring skill and observation, making it the correct answer. LPNs focus on stable patients with predictable outcomes, supporting RNs, not initiating complex assessments or care plans.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG) from The Joint Commission prioritize error prevention. Using two identifiers e.g., name and birth date before meds reduces misidentification, a top NPSG focus. Reporting infection is critical but not uniquely an NPSG action. Educating patients supports care, not a specific goal. Using lift equipment enhances safety but isn't med-related. Two-identifier checks directly address NPSG's medication safety priority, making it the correct and most aligned application.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nursing's core, per ANA definitions, centers on restoring health healing and recovery from illness or injury. Promoting wellness and preventing illness are proactive, while facilitating coping supports adaptation. Restoring health is the essence across settings (e.g., med-surg, long-term care), encompassing assessment, intervention, and evaluation to return patients to baseline, making it the correct and most fundamental concept in nursing philosophy.