The concept of 'the greatest good for the greatest number' is based on

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Question 1 of 5

The concept of 'the greatest good for the greatest number' is based on

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Utilitarianism, founded by Bentham and Mill, judges actions by their consequences, aiming to maximize overall benefit. In healthcare, this might mean allocating resources to save more lives during a crisis. Formalism and deontology focus on duty, not outcomes, and transactional theory applies to management. Nurses apply utilitarianism in triage or policy decisions, weighing collective welfare, though it may conflict with individual rights, requiring careful ethical balancing.

Question 2 of 5

Which expected outcome is correctly written?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A well-written expected outcome follows the SMART criteria: specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. 'The patient will identify all the high-salt food from a prepared list by discharge' meets these standards: it specifies the action (identifying high-salt foods), provides a measurable method (from a prepared list), and sets a clear timeline (by discharge), ensuring it's achievable and realistic for patient education. In contrast, 'The patient will feel less nauseated in 24 hours' is vague and subjective, lacking a measurable indicator. 'The patient will eat the right amount of food daily' fails to define 'right amount,' making it unmeasurable and unspecific. 'The patient will have enough sleep' is similarly imprecise, with no clear metric or timeframe. The correctly written outcome supports effective care planning by providing a concrete, evaluable goal, critical for tracking patient progress.

Question 3 of 5

The foundation of research is based on which of the following:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The scientific method defining a question, hypothesizing, experimenting, analyzing, and concluding forms research's foundation, providing a structured, replicable approach to generate reliable knowledge. In nursing, it underpins evidence-based practice, like testing a new wound care protocol. Experience informs research but lacks systematic rigor alone; it's subjective and anecdotal. Problem-solving is a skill applied within research, not its base lacking the method's objectivity. Critical thinking is essential for interpreting data or designing studies, but it's a tool, not the framework. The scientific method's disciplined process ensures findings are valid and generalizable, distinguishing research from intuition or trial-and-error. It's the gold standard for building nursing knowledge, validating interventions, and improving patient outcomes, making it the foundational element of research.

Question 4 of 5

What is the relevance of a code of ethics for nurses?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A nursing code of ethics, like Kenya's or ANA's, defines principles autonomy, justice, beneficence shaping client care delivery. It guides decisions (e.g., respecting refusal), ensuring ethical practice. Improving universal health is an outcome, not the code's purpose, which focuses on conduct. Providing identical care misreads ethics; it ensures fairness, not uniformity care varies by need. Protecting nurses' desires prioritizes self-interest, not clients, clashing with the code's intent. Defining principles offers a moral compass, enabling nurses to navigate dilemmas, uphold trust, and deliver client-centered care, making this the code's core relevance.

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following clients is at highest risk of developing decubitus ulcers:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A 79-year-old malnourished client on bed rest faces the highest risk for decubitus ulcers (pressure injuries). Immobility from bed rest causes prolonged pressure on bony prominences (e.g., sacrum), while malnutrition impairs tissue repair (e.g., low protein), accelerating skin breakdown. Obesity with wheelchair use risks pressure, but mobility shifts weight, reducing duration. Incontinence with diarrhea irritates skin, but without immobility, pressure isn't constant. An ambulatory diabetic moves freely, minimizing pressure despite circulation risks. The bedridden, malnourished client combines immobility, poor nutrition, and age-related skin fragility, topping risk scales (e.g., Braden), making them the most vulnerable in nursing assessment.

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