The community health nurse is conducting a research study and is identifying clients in the community at risk for latex allergy. Which client population is most at risk for developing this type of allergy?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Children in day care centers. Children in day care centers are at higher risk for latex allergy due to frequent exposure to latex-containing products like gloves, pacifiers, and toys. The immature immune system of children increases their susceptibility to developing allergies. Hairdressers (choice A) are also at risk due to prolonged exposure to latex gloves. The homeless (choice B) and individuals living in a group home (choice D) are not specifically at higher risk compared to children in day care centers.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lung cancer. The symptoms described, including cough, shortness of breath, facial plethora, JVD, supraclavicular node, are classic signs of advanced lung cancer. Lung cancer commonly presents with respiratory symptoms due to the obstruction of airways and spread to nearby structures. Long-standing hypertension (A) typically presents with symptoms related to high blood pressure, not respiratory symptoms. Gastric carcinoma (B) may present with gastrointestinal symptoms rather than respiratory symptoms. Emphysema (C) is a lung condition associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking but does not typically present with facial plethora, JVD, or supraclavicular node enlargement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Palpation and transillumination. This is the most appropriate first step because it allows for a physical examination of the scrotal mass to determine its characteristics and location. Palpation can help assess the size, shape, consistency, and tenderness of the mass. Transillumination can differentiate between fluid-filled (e.g., hydrocele) and solid masses (e.g., testicular tumor). This initial assessment helps guide further diagnostic workup and management decisions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because performing tumor markers (HCG and α-fetoprotein) or scrotal ultrasonography or referring for orchiectomy without a proper initial physical examination would be premature and may lead to unnecessary interventions or delays in appropriate management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Refer for surgical biopsy. In this case, a 5-cm thigh mass that is fixed to muscle in a 64-year-old man raises concern for a potential malignant tumor. Surgical biopsy is the most appropriate next step to establish a definitive diagnosis and determine the nature of the mass. This will help guide further management, whether it requires surgical excision, chemotherapy, or other treatments. Reexamining in 3 months (choice A) may delay diagnosis and treatment if the mass is indeed malignant. A bone scan (choice B) is not the initial investigation for a soft tissue mass. Treating with cephalexin (choice C) is not indicated as this mass is likely not an infectious process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Recipient antibodies vs. donor. Delayed hemolysis post-transfusion is often due to the recipient developing antibodies against the donor's red blood cells. This immune response can lead to hemolysis days to weeks after the transfusion. Options A and B are incorrect as they do not involve an immune response causing hemolysis. Option D involves a different type of immune response (IgE vs. IgA) that is not typically responsible for delayed hemolysis post-transfusion.