ATI LPN
Adult Medical Surgical ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being taught about dietary modifications by the nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid lying down immediately after eating. This instruction helps prevent acid reflux by allowing gravity to aid in digestion. Lying down can cause stomach acid to flow back up the esophagus, exacerbating GERD symptoms. Increasing intake of spicy foods (A) can irritate the esophagus, consuming a high-fat diet (C) can delay stomach emptying and worsen symptoms, and drinking caffeinated beverages with meals (D) can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to more reflux.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) who is receiving warfarin (Coumadin). Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prothrombin time (PT). Warfarin affects the clotting process by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Monitoring PT helps assess the effectiveness of warfarin therapy and prevent complications like bleeding. Platelet count (A) is important but not directly affected by warfarin. Hemoglobin level (C) and white blood cell count (D) are not typically affected by warfarin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
When assessing a client with a chest tube connected to suction, which observation indicates that the chest tube is functioning properly?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Steady bubbling in the suction control chamber. This indicates proper functioning as it shows that the suction is maintaining a consistent pressure, which is essential for effective drainage and lung re-expansion. Continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber (choice A) indicates an air leak. Intermittent bubbling in the suction control chamber (choice B) could suggest fluctuating pressure. No fluctuation in the water seal chamber (choice C) indicates either a blockage or disconnection. Steady bubbling in the suction control chamber (choice D) indicates the suction is working consistently, ensuring proper drainage and lung re-expansion.
Question 4 of 5
The healthcare provider is preparing to administer a blood transfusion. Which action is most important to ensure client safety?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Verify the client's identity and blood compatibility. This step is crucial to prevent transfusion reactions due to compatibility issues. By confirming the client's identity and ensuring that the blood type matches, the healthcare provider minimizes the risk of adverse reactions such as hemolytic transfusion reactions. Checking vital signs (A) is important but ensuring blood compatibility takes precedence. Administering blood with normal saline (C) is incorrect as blood should be infused with the appropriate blood administration set. Monitoring the client for the first 15 minutes (D) is essential but verification of identity and blood compatibility is the primary step to prioritize safety.
Question 5 of 5
A client is receiving chemotherapy and is at risk for neutropenia. Which precaution should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Place the client in a private room. This is important to reduce the risk of infection for the client with neutropenia, as being in a private room minimizes exposure to pathogens from other individuals. Neutropenia is a condition where there is a low level of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell that helps fight infections. By placing the client in a private room, the nurse can control the environment and limit the client's exposure to potential sources of infection. Choice A is incorrect because regular visitors may introduce pathogens that could increase the client's risk of infection. Choice B is incorrect as live vaccines are contraindicated in clients receiving chemotherapy due to their weakened immune system. Choice D is incorrect because while fresh fruits and vegetables are important for overall health, in this case, the risk of infection outweighs the benefits of a diet high in these foods.