ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Assessment A Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client is receiving enalapril (Vasotec). The nurse should monitor the client for which potential adverse effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Hypotension. Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor commonly used to treat hypertension. One of the primary side effects of ACE inhibitors like enalapril is hypotension due to their mechanism of action in dilating blood vessels, which can lead to a decrease in blood pressure. Monitoring for hypotension is crucial to prevent complications such as dizziness, falls, or organ hypoperfusion. Option A) Hypertension is incorrect because enalapril is actually used to treat hypertension by lowering blood pressure. Option C) Tachycardia is incorrect because enalapril typically does not cause tachycardia. In fact, it may lead to a decrease in heart rate as a compensatory mechanism for the decrease in blood pressure. Option D) Hyperglycemia is incorrect as enalapril is not known to cause hyperglycemia. In fact, some studies suggest that ACE inhibitors may have a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism. Understanding the potential adverse effects of medications is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. Monitoring for and recognizing these effects promptly can prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Nurses should be vigilant in assessing patients receiving enalapril for signs and symptoms of hypotension to intervene promptly if necessary.
Question 2 of 5
A client with hypertension is prescribed metoprolol (Lopressor). The nurse should monitor the client for which side effect?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metoprolol is a beta-blocker that works by slowing the heart rate. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for bradycardia, which is a potential side effect of metoprolol. Bradycardia refers to a heart rate that is slower than normal, and it can be a concern when administering medications like metoprolol that affect heart rate.
Question 3 of 5
The patient with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is prescribed aspirin. What instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taking aspirin with food is recommended to prevent gastrointestinal irritation and upset, which are common side effects of aspirin. It helps to protect the stomach lining and reduce the risk of developing ulcers. This instruction is crucial in promoting medication adherence and minimizing discomfort for the patient.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has a new prescription for albuterol. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this pharmacology scenario, the correct answer is B) Tachycardia. When a client is prescribed albuterol, a bronchodilator commonly used to treat respiratory conditions like asthma, tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is a potential side effect. This is a crucial finding to report to the provider because it can indicate a potential cardiovascular complication that may require further evaluation or adjustment of the medication regimen. Option A) Dry mouth is a common side effect of many medications, including anticholinergics, but it is not a significant concern with albuterol. Option C) Weight gain is not typically associated with albuterol use and would not be a priority finding to report. Option D) Drowsiness is also not a common side effect of albuterol; instead, albuterol is known to cause stimulation of the beta-2 adrenergic receptors, which can lead to effects like tachycardia. From an educational perspective, understanding the side effects of medications is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care. Reporting and monitoring for potential adverse effects promptly can prevent complications and ensure the client's well-being. This scenario highlights the importance of pharmacological knowledge in nursing practice and the need for thorough assessment skills to identify and address medication-related concerns.
Question 5 of 5
A client has a new prescription for rifampin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to inform the client to expect red-orange discoloration of body fluids when taking rifampin. This side effect is harmless but can be surprising to patients. It is important for the nurse to educate the client about this expected change to prevent unnecessary concern or alarm. Monitoring for hyperglycemia is not directly related to rifampin, and taking the medication with food or avoiding dairy products are not specific instructions for this medication.