The client diagnosed with poison ivy is prescribed a dose pack of prednisone. Which statement best describes the scientific rationale for prescribing the dose pack?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because a dose pack of prednisone is designed to provide a tapering dose regimen. Prednisone should not be abruptly stopped to prevent adrenal insufficiency. Tapering the dose gradually allows the body to adjust and minimize withdrawal symptoms. Choice A is incorrect because prednisone helps reduce inflammation, not decrease it. Choice C is incorrect as the dose pack typically starts with a higher dose then tapers down. Choice D is incorrect because while prednisone may reduce redness, the main purpose of the dose pack is to taper the medication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: CN VIII. This cranial nerve, known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, is commonly affected by tumors due to its location near the cerebellopontine angle. Tumors in this area can compress CN VIII, leading to symptoms such as hearing loss, vertigo, and imbalance. CN II (A), CN IV (B), and CN V (C) are less commonly affected by tumors compared to CN VIII. CN II is the optic nerve, CN IV is the trochlear nerve, and CN V is the trigeminal nerve, each with different functions and locations in the brain. Therefore, D is the most likely cranial nerve to be affected by a tumor based on its anatomical proximity to common tumor sites.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because melanoma is typically fast-growing, asymmetrical, and raised. Melanomas often exhibit irregular borders, different colors within the lesion, and a larger size. This is due to the rapid proliferation of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, which leads to the characteristic appearance of melanoma. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because melanomas are not typically slow-growing, symmetrical, flat, or bleeding. Slow growth is more common in benign lesions, while symmetry, flatness, and bleeding are not typical features of melanoma. Therefore, option A best represents the common characteristics of melanoma based on its growth patterns and appearance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Standard precautions. Standard precautions should be implemented when changing a dressing on a client's abdomen as it includes hand hygiene, gloves, and appropriate personal protective equipment based on the risk of exposure to blood or body fluids. This technique helps prevent the spread of infection and ensures the safety of both the nurse and the client. A: Contact precautions are used for clients with specific infections that can be transmitted by direct contact. C: Droplet precautions are for infections transmitted through respiratory droplets. D: Airborne precautions are for infections transmitted via small particles that remain in the air for a long time. In summary, Standard precautions are the most appropriate technique for changing a dressing on a client's abdomen as they provide a comprehensive approach to infection prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why establishing trust and rapport (choice C) is the correct answer: 1. Establishing trust and rapport is vital in building a therapeutic relationship with the client. 2. Trust is the foundation for effective communication, understanding the client's needs, and ensuring cooperation. 3. By building trust first, the nurse can create a supportive environment for the client's care needs. 4. Setting priorities (choice A), assessing the home environment (choice B), and promoting learning (choice D) all rely on a foundation of trust and rapport. Summary: Establishing trust and rapport is the first crucial step to ensure successful home care visits. Setting priorities, assessing the home environment, and promoting learning can follow once a strong relationship is established.