ATI LPN
Questions of Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The cells that make and secrete mucus that protects the lining of the respiratory tract are called:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Goblet cells (D) secrete mucus in the respiratory tract (Page 5, Ans: E). These unicellular glands (10% of epithelium) produce 100 mL/day, trapping debris (Page 2, Q11A). Squamous (A) lines alveoli. Pneumothorax (B) is a condition. Bronchioles (C) conduct air. D's protective role unlike A's structural one shields airways, per anatomy.
Question 2 of 5
The primary force responsible for the movement of air into the lungs during inspiration?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pressure difference (D) drives inspiration . Diaphragm contraction drops intrapulmonary pressure (-1 to -3 mmHg below 760 mmHg), creating a gradient (Q19). Atmospheric pressure (A) is static (760 mmHg); the difference moves ~500 mL (Vt). Spasms (B) aren't normal mechanics. Surfactant (C) aids stability, not airflow. D's gradient (2-3 mmHg) unlike A's baseline powers ventilation (Boyle's law), per physiology (Q52).
Question 3 of 5
The greatest increase in the physiological dead space would be expected with?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pulmonary embolism (A) boosts physiological dead space most . It blocks perfusion, raising V/Q (ventilated, unperfused alveoli), adding to anatomic dead space (~150 mL). Atelectasis (B) collapses alveoli, cutting Va, not Vd. Pneumothorax (C) collapses lungs, not increasing Vd directly. Bronchoconstriction (D) traps air, not dead space. A's perfusion loss unlike B's ventilation drop spikes Vd (e.g., 300 mL), per V/Q mismatch physiology (Q66).
Question 4 of 5
One of the followings is expected in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lowers FRC. FRC (~2 L vs. 2.5 L) shrinks with stiff lungs (compliance < 0.1 L/cm H2O, Q1). Tidal volume (B) drops (< 500 mL) due to restriction. Vascular resistance rises (C, false, Q10). TLC falls (D, false, < 6 L). A's reduction unlike B's increase reflects fibrosis' limit on resting volume (ERV + RV decrease), per restrictive physiology (Q45).
Question 5 of 5
The proper interpretation of a positive reaction to a tuberculin test is that the person is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A positive tuberculin test (D) indicates sensitivity to tuberculo-protein from past or current Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induration (e.g., ≥10 mm) shows T-cell memory, not active disease (A), which requires symptoms or imaging. It doesn't confer immunity (B) latent TB can reactivate or susceptibility (C); it reflects exposure. None' dismisses this. Positive results, common in endemic areas, guide further evaluation (e.g., chest x-ray) to distinguish latent TB (90% of cases) from active, critical in public health and nursing for TB control and treatment initiation.