The cell in the body most sensitive to radiation is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lymphocytes (D) are most radiation-sensitive rapidly dividing, they die at low doses (e.g., 1-2 Gy), dropping counts within days (e.g., <1000/μL). Erythrocytes (A) lack nuclei, resisting damage. Basophils (B), eosinophils (C), and granulocytes (E neutrophils) tolerate higher doses, declining later. Lymphocytes' vulnerability reflects marrow suppression, key in nursing for radiation exposure monitoring and infection prophylaxis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hemophilia joint bleed (e.g., factor VIII <1%) fresh frozen plasma (B) replaces clotting factors (e.g., 15 mL/kg raises VIII to 30%), stopping hemarthrosis. Transfusion (A) lacks factors. Bed rest (C) aids, not treats. Vitamin K (D) is for liver factors. Protamine reverses heparin. FFP's factor delivery is key, guiding nursing for infusion and joint care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anemia of renal insufficiency low erythropoietin (B e.g., <100 mU/mL) from kidney failure slows RBC production, with reduced marrow transit (e.g., 5-7 days). Iron block (A) is chronic disease. Normocytic (C) describes, not causes. Blood loss (D) is unrelated. EPO deficiency is key, guiding nursing for EPO therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Surfactant, produced by type II alveolar cells, is a phospholipid mixture that reduces surface tension in alveoli, stabilizing them and aiding lung function. Normally, high surface tension from water molecules at the air-liquid interface promotes alveolar collapse, but active surfactant lowers this tension, decreasing the tendency of lungs to collapse (atelectasis). Reduced surface tension also lessens the work of breathing by making lung expansion easier and decreases lymph flow in the lung, as less fluid is forced into the interstitium due to lower alveolar pressure gradients. However, lung compliance the ease with which lungs expand increases with active surfactant, not decreases. Compliance is inversely related to surface tension; when tension drops, the lungs become less stiff, improving their ability to stretch per unit of pressure. Thus, lung compliance is the exception, as it rises while the other factors diminish, reflecting surfactant's critical role in maintaining alveolar stability and efficient ventilation.