ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The care team is considering the use of dialysis in a patient whose renal function is progressively declining. Renal replacement therapy is indicated in which of the following situations?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal replacement therapy like dialysis is indicated when ~80% of nephrons fail (D), reducing function to <20%, causing severe symptoms unmanageable by diet or drugs. Normal creatinine is 0.6-1.2 mg/dL (A is wrong), BUN 15 mg/dL (B) is normal (7-20 mg/dL), and 40% loss (C) is insufficient for dialysis, making D the threshold.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with depression reports feeling worthless and unable to enjoy activities. The nurse recognizes these symptoms as indicative of which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Feelings of worthlessness and anhedonia are hallmark symptoms of major depressive disorder.
Question 3 of 5
A client with schizoaffective disorder experiences both mood symptoms and psychosis. The nurse understands that treatment typically includes:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Schizoaffective disorder requires addressing both mood and psychotic symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has presented with signs and symptoms that are characteristic of acute kidney injury, but preliminary assessment reveals no obvious risk factors for this health problem. The nurse should recognize the need to interview the patient about what topic?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The kidneys are susceptible to the adverse effects of medications because they are repeatedly exposed to substances in the blood. Nephrotoxic medications are a more likely cause of AKI than diet, allergies, or stress.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse reinforces teaching for a patient with calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which foods should the patient avoid?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spinach is high in oxalates, which contribute to stone formation.