ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The best treatment for chronic obstructive emphysema in the advanced stages is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Advanced chronic obstructive emphysema (COPD) benefits most from antibiotics, mechanical respiration, and bronchodilators (C). Exacerbations often involve infection antibiotics (e.g., amoxicillin) target this. Bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol) relieve obstruction, while mechanical ventilation (e.g., BiPAP) supports failing respiration without high Oâ‚‚ risks. Continuous 100% Oâ‚‚ (A, E) suppresses hypoxic drive, worsening hypercapnia. Morphine (B) sedates, risking respiratory depression. High Oâ‚‚ ventilation (D) lacks infection focus. This triad addresses infection, airflow, and ventilatory support, optimizing outcomes in severe COPD, a balanced approach critical in ICU nursing care.
Question 2 of 5
Match the following: 658. empyema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Empyema pus in pleura often involves Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D), a gram-negative bacillus in nosocomial or post-pneumonia infections, requiring drainage/antibiotics. Friction rub (A) fits pleuritis. CHF (B) gives transudate. Duct rupture (C) is chylothorax. Bleb is pneumothorax. Pseudomonas's purulence distinguishes empyema, key in nursing for chest tube management.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has hypochromic microcytic red blood cells with some target cells. The spleen is somewhat enlarged. The reticulocyte count is 9%. The following procedure is most likely give the definitive diagnosis:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypochromic microcytic RBCs, target cells, splenomegaly, and 9% reticulocytes suggest thalassemia hemoglobin electrophoresis (C) confirms (e.g., HbAâ‚‚ >3.5%). Serum iron (A) differentiates iron deficiency (normal here). Marrow exam (B) shows erythroid hyperplasia, not specific. Fragility (D) fits spherocytosis. Serum electrophoresis is proteins, not Hb. Electrophoresis pinpoints Hb variants, key in nursing for genetic diagnosis and family screening.
Question 4 of 5
Pernicious anemia is associated with all of the following, except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pernicious anemia lacks normal intrinsic factor (B) autoimmune gastric atrophy blocks IF, causing B12 deficiency (D), yielding macrocytic anemia (E MCV >100 fL), sore tongue (A glossitis), and neuropathy (C subacute combined degeneration). B's normality negates the disease, key in nursing for Schilling test and B12 injections.
Question 5 of 5
The cell in the body most sensitive to radiation is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lymphocytes (D) are most radiation-sensitive rapidly dividing, they die at low doses (e.g., 1-2 Gy), dropping counts within days (e.g., <1000/μL). Erythrocytes (A) lack nuclei, resisting damage. Basophils (B), eosinophils (C), and granulocytes (E neutrophils) tolerate higher doses, declining later. Lymphocytes' vulnerability reflects marrow suppression, key in nursing for radiation exposure monitoring and infection prophylaxis.