ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The average vital capacity is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Average vital capacity (VC) total air exhaled after maximal inhalation is 4-5 liters (D) in healthy adults (e.g., ~4.8 L men, 3.2 L women), varying by age, sex, height. Options 600 cc (A) and 300 cc (B) are tidal volumes or fractions far too low. 10-20 liters (C) exceeds human lung capacity (total ~6 L). 2.5-3 liters underestimates normal VC, closer to inspiratory reserve. VC, measured via spirometry, reflects lung function; 4-5 L aligns with physiologic norms, key in assessing restrictive (low VC) versus obstructive diseases in pulmonary diagnostics.
Question 2 of 5
Thalassemia minor typically demonstrates an increase in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thalassemia minor mild β-thalassemia raises hemoglobin A₂ (B) (e.g., 3.5-7%) from compensatory δ-chain production, detected via electrophoresis. Hemoglobin A (A) dominates but is reduced. HbS (C) is sickle cell, unrelated. HbF (D) rises in severe forms, not minor. All' overstates. A₂ elevation reflects β-chain defect, key in nursing for genetic counseling and distinguishing from iron deficiency.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following occurs with chronic lymphocytic leukemia:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) features skin lesions, positive Coombs test, and hypogammaglobulinemia (C) lymphocyte proliferation causes autoimmune hemolysis (Coombs), infections (low IgG), and rare cutaneous infiltration. B12 (A) rises from binding protein, not universal. Philadelphia chromosome (B) is CML. Uric acid (D) ties to turnover, not specific. Pelger-Huet is congenital. C's triad reflects CLL's immune dysfunction, key in nursing for infection prophylaxis and anemia management.
Question 4 of 5
Vitamin K deficiency result in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K deficiency causes bleeding manifestations (B) lacking K impairs factors II, VII, IX, X synthesis, prolonging PT (e.g., >15s), causing bruising, epistaxis. Spoon nails (A), alopecia (C), fissured tongue (D) tie to iron or B12. Jaundice fits liver failure, not K alone. Bleeding is key, guiding nursing for vitamin K injection and monitoring INR.
Question 5 of 5
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia may show:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) all true : positive Coombs (A antibody-coated RBCs), splenomegaly (B sequestration), jaundice (C hemolysis, bilirubin >2 mg/dL), chills/fever (D immune reaction). Warm (IgG) or cold (IgM) AIHA drives RBC destruction, key in nursing for steroids, splenectomy prep, and monitoring bilirubin.