ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The ___ artery sits on the boundary between the cortex and the medulla of the kidney.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The arcuate artery (C) lies at the cortex-medulla junction, branching from interlobar arteries. Lobar (A) and interlobar (B) are deeper, and segmental (D) is proximal, making C the boundary vessel.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who has had a transurethral resection with fulguration for bladder cancer 3 days previously calls the nurse at the urology clinic. Which information given by the patient is most important to report to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urine clots (B) post-procedure suggest bleeding, requiring urgent provider attention. Opioids (A), anxiety (C), and nocturia (D) are expected, but clots indicate a complication, making B most critical.
Question 3 of 5
A 78-yr-old patient has been admitted with benign prostatic hyperplasia. What is most appropriate to include in the nursing plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's age and diagnosis indicate a likelihood of nocturia, so leaving the light on in the bathroom is appropriate. Fluids should be encouraged because dehydration is more common in older patients. The information in the question does not indicate that measurement of the patient's output is necessary or that the patient has overflow incontinence.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has kidney disease and an acid-base imbalance. In what way do the kidneys help maintain acid-base balance in the body?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidneys regulate acid-base balance by conserving or excreting bicarbonate ions (A) to buffer blood pH. Potassium (B) affects electrolytes, CO2 excretion (C) is pulmonary, and protein retention (D) is unrelated, making A the key mechanism.
Question 5 of 5
Which of these, if stated by a patient, indicates to the nurse correct understanding of how to obtain a midstream urine specimen for culture and sensitivity for a female patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Keeping labia separated (B) and cleaning with towelettes (E) prevent contamination, but B is a clear single indicator. Second void (A), immediate collection (C), and 24-hour (D) are incorrect, making B a correct understanding.