ATI LPN
Quiz Questions Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The antiemetic drug ondansetron (Zofran) is administered to a child receiving chemotherapy. When should the nurse administer this medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Ondansetron is a prophylactic antiemetic used to prevent nausea and vomiting. 2. Administering before chemotherapy helps to pre-emptively control symptoms. 3. By giving it before, the drug can reach peak effectiveness when chemotherapy-induced nausea is most likely to occur. 4. Administering after or only if nausea occurs may not provide optimal prevention. 5. Choice D is incorrect as ondansetron is effective for controlling chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is taking care of a school-age child with acute glomerulonephritis who is taking potassium-sparing diuretics. The nurse anticipates discussing the diet with the child and his parents. The diet should include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A sodium restriction. In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys are not effectively filtering out waste, leading to fluid retention and high blood pressure. Potassium-sparing diuretics help the kidneys remove excess fluid and sodium, so a sodium restriction is necessary to prevent fluid buildup and maintain electrolyte balance. Potassium-rich foods (choice A) should be limited due to the risk of hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics. Foods low in cholesterol (choice B) are not specifically indicated for acute glomerulonephritis. An increase in calories (choice C) is not necessary for this condition and may lead to weight gain, complicating management.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client to perform peritoneal dialysis in preparation for discharge to home. The nurse tells the client to use which of the following to prevent infection when connecting and disconnecting the peritoneal dialysis system?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gloves and mask. Wearing gloves and a mask is essential when connecting and disconnecting the peritoneal dialysis system to prevent infection. Gloves protect against contact with contaminated fluids, while a mask prevents inhaling any potential pathogens. Goggles (choice C) are unnecessary as there is no risk of splashing in peritoneal dialysis. An apron (choice D) is also unnecessary since gloves provide adequate protection. Gloves alone (choice A) do not offer sufficient protection against potential respiratory infections. Therefore, the combination of gloves and a mask is the most appropriate choice to prevent infection during peritoneal dialysis procedures.
Question 4 of 5
A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Which clinical manifestations found on assessment support this newborn’s diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, failure to pass meconium and abdominal distension. Hirschsprung disease results in the absence of ganglion cells in the distal part of the colon, leading to functional obstruction. Failure to pass meconium is a classic sign due to the inability of affected segment to relax, causing stool accumulation. Abdominal distension occurs as a result of the buildup of stool and gas proximal to the affected segment. Choices A, C, and D do not align with the characteristic clinical manifestations of Hirschsprung disease. Acute diarrhea and dehydration are not typical symptoms. Currant jelly stools and pain are more indicative of intussusception. Projectile vomiting and altered electrolytes are not commonly associated with Hirschsprung disease.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is talking to the mother of an exclusively breast-fed African American 3-month-old infant who was born in late fall. Which supplement will the nurse recommend for this infant?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin D. Breastfed infants, especially those with darker skin or born in late fall/winter, are at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to limited sun exposure. Vitamin D is crucial for bone health and immune function. Iron (Choice A) is typically recommended around 4-6 months, not necessarily based on race. Fluoride (Choice C) is not recommended until at least 6 months. Calcium (Choice D) is not needed as a supplement for infants under 6 months.