The American Nurses association formulated an innovation of the Nursing process. Today, how many distinct steps are there in the nursing process?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The ANA's nursing process is ADPIE (B) assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation 5 steps, per current standards. APIE (A) omits diagnosis, ADOPIE (C) and ADOPIER (D) aren't recognized. B reflects practice, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pain radiating to Mr. Gary's upper right quadrant is referred pain (C), where sensation is felt away from its source, per pain types (e.g., gallbladder to shoulder). Acute (A) and chronic (B) describe duration, not location. Phantom (D) is post-amputation. Referred pain aligns with anatomical nerve pathways, common in visceral issues, making C correct for this pattern.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Impending death features muscle tone loss (A), sphincter control loss (B), and secretion pooling (D), per terminal physiology body shuts down. Increased sensory perception (C) is untrue senses dull, not sharpen, as consciousness fades. C contradicts decline, making it the correct false statement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Helping the family accept the condition (B) best describes the nurse's role, per palliative nursing supporting emotional adjustment. Medical advice (A) is physician-led, mediation (C) secondary, leaving alone (D) neglects duty. B fosters coping, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Fidelity is keeping promises (D), per ethics trust via commitment (e.g., confidentiality). Doing good (A) is beneficence, fairness (B) justice, decision respect (C) autonomy. D best captures fidelity's loyalty, making it correct.