The American Nurses Association definition of health emphasized on two factors which are

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines health as a dynamic state influenced by multiple factors, with a particular emphasis on environment and health status. 'Environment and Health status,' is correct because it reflects the ANA's holistic view, recognizing that health is shaped by one's surroundings (physical, social, and cultural) and current well-being, rather than just biological factors. 'Health and Wealth,' is incorrect, as wealth is not a core component of the ANA's definition, though it may indirectly influence health. 'Behaviour and development,' focuses on individual actions and growth, which are aspects of health but not the primary duo highlighted by the ANA. 'Economics and Environment,' includes environment but substitutes economics for health status, missing the ANA's focus on the individual's condition. The ANA's framework, rooted in nursing's patient-centered approach, prioritizes how environment interacts with health status to define well-being, making C the accurate choice based on its established standards.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Multimedia refers to data integrating multiple forms, such as voice (audio), pictures (images), and motion (video). 'Multimedia,' is correct because it encompasses all these elements, as defined in media studies (e.g., Chapman's Digital Multimedia), used in applications like video conferencing. 'Audio,' is sound alone. 'Video,' includes motion and visuals but typically excludes standalone voice. 'Picture,' is static images only. Multimedia's comprehensive nature, combining these distinct media types into a cohesive experience, distinguishes it, making D the precise answer for data with voice, picture, and motion together.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In everyday language, injection' broadly refers to delivering a drug via a needle, encompassing various routes. 'Parenteral,' is correct because it's the umbrella term for all injections (bypassing the gut), including intramuscular, subcutaneous, and intravenous, as per pharmacology texts (e.g., Katzung). 'Intramuscular,' and 'Intravenous,' are specific routes, not the general term. 'Subcutaneous,' is another specific method. Parenteral's broad usage in healthcare—covering any needle-based administration—makes it the common parlance for injection,' distinguishing C as the accurate answer over narrower options.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Premedication before anesthesia aims to optimize patient condition. 'To attenuate vagal responses,' is correct because drugs like atropine reduce vagal-induced bradycardia or secretions, per anesthesiology standards (e.g., Stoelting's Pharmacology). 'To increase volume of gastric content,' is false; it's minimized to prevent aspiration. 'To stimulate secretions,' is incorrect; drying secretions is preferred. 'To increase fear and anxiety,' opposes premedication's anxiolytic goal (e.g., midazolam). Attenuating vagal responses enhances safety, making B the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A pilot study tests feasibility before a full research project. 'A small scale study conducted in advance...,' is correct, describing its role in refining methods and logistics, per research methodology (e.g., Polit & Beck). 'A scientific study carried out on pilots,' misinterprets pilot.' 'The first and most important step,' overstates its priority; it's optional. 'A study conducted simultaneously...,' is incorrect; pilots precede, not parallel, main studies. B's focus on pre-testing feasibility matches standard practice, making it the accurate answer.