ATI LPN
Renal System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The ADH is synthesized in:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus by magnocellular neurons. It's then transported to the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) for storage and release. The posterior pituitary (A, D) doesn't synthesize it, and the anterior pituitary (B) produces other hormones, making C correct.
Question 2 of 5
For a patient with Crohn disease, the medical-surgical nurse recommends a diet that is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel condition, requires a low-fiber diet to reduce irritation, and high protein and calories (C) to support healing and nutrition during flares. High fiber (A) worsens symptoms, potassium (B, D) isn't the focus unless deficient, making C the recommended diet.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing a patient for bladder training. What is the primary focus of bladder training for patients with impaired urinary elimination?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bladder training for impaired urinary elimination (e.g., incontinence) focuses on strengthening pelvic floor muscles (C) via exercises (e.g., Kegels) and scheduled voiding to improve control. Fluid balance (A) is secondary, catheterization (B) is invasive, and urodynamic testing (D) is diagnostic, making C the primary focus.
Question 4 of 5
Concerning cell volume regulation:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Na/H and Cl/HCO₃ antiports regulate volume in hypertonic conditions (A), water efflux precedes KCl in hypertonic states (B is partial), and KCl efflux adjusts hypotonic swelling (C). A and C are true—antiports for shrinkage, KCl for swelling—while B is incomplete, making D (A and C are correct) the answer.
Question 5 of 5
Given the following conditions: Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 15 mm Hg, Glomerular plasma osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg, Glomerular hydrostatic pressure = 75 mm Hg, What is the NET FILTRATION RATE?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Net filtration pressure (NFP) = Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (75 mm Hg) - (Capsular hydrostatic pressure (15 mm Hg) + Glomerular osmotic pressure (25 mm Hg)) = 75 - (15 + 25) = 35 mm Hg (A). This drives filtration; 85 (B), 65 (C), and 115 (D) miscalculate, making A correct.