ATI LPN
Renal System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The absorption of Na⺠in ascending loop of Henle:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the ascending Loop of Henle, Na⺠reabsorption varies: the thin ascending limb reabsorbs Na⺠and Clâ» passively due to concentration gradients, while the thick ascending limb uses active transport via the Naâº/Kâº/2Clâ» cotransporter, diluting the filtrate. This dual mechanism distinguishes it from all passive (A) or all active (B), making D correct.
Question 2 of 5
A nursing department in an acute care setting decides to redesign its nursing practice based on a theoretical framework. The feedback from patients, families, and staff reflects that caring is a key element. Which theorist best supports this concept?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Jean Watson's theory of human caring emphasizes caring as the essence of nursing, focusing on holistic, patient-centered relationships, aligning with feedback valuing caring. Erikson (A) addresses development, Maslow (B) needs hierarchy, and Rogers (C) client-centered therapy, but Watson (D) directly supports caring as a framework.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is evaluating a patient for urinary retention. What clinical presentation would the nurse expect to find if the patient is experiencing urinary retention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urinary retention, the inability to empty the bladder fully, causes a distended bladder and lower abdominal discomfort (B) due to urine accumulation. Frequency (A) suggests urgency, clear urine (C) is unrelated, and rapid stream (D) contradicts retention, making B the expected finding.
Question 4 of 5
Within eight hours following large intravenous aldosterone infusion the following is(are) clinically evident:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases collecting duct sodium reabsorption (A is false), enhances K⺠and H⺠excretion (B is false), causing hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and alkalosis (C, true). Within eight hours, these electrolyte and pH shifts are evident, making C (reassigned as D) correct.
Question 5 of 5
Most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occurs in the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) (C) reabsorbs ~65% of glomerular filtrate, including water, glucose, and ions, due to its microvilli and carrier proteins. The glomerulus (A) filters, not reabsorbs, the collecting tubule (B) adjusts urine concentration, and the ureter (D) transports urine, making C the primary reabsorption site.