ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Systemic lupusviu erythematosus is seen more in:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is more commonly seen in women, with a female to male ratio of 9:1. This is due to hormonal and genetic factors that predispose women to autoimmune diseases like SLE. Women of childbearing age are at the highest risk. Men and children are less commonly affected by SLE compared to women. Therefore, the correct answer is D: Women.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a child being admitted to the hospital who is immunosuppressed and who will be placed on neutropenic precautions. With regard to neutropenic precautions, which intervention is incorrect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Admitting the client to a semiprivate room. Rationale: 1. Neutropenic precautions are necessary to protect the immunosuppressed child from infections. 2. Placing the child in a semiprivate room increases the risk of exposure to pathogens from another patient. 3. Neutropenic patients should ideally be placed in a private room to minimize the risk of infections. 4. Sharing a room increases the chances of exposure to potential pathogens, which can be detrimental to the child's health. Summary: B: Placing a precaution sign on the door to the room - Correct, as it alerts staff and visitors to the need for precautions. C: Placing a mask on the client if the client leaves the room - Correct, as it helps reduce the risk of inhaling pathogens. D: Removing a vase with fresh flowers left by a previous client - Correct, as flowers can harbor bacteria and fungi that pose a risk to the
Question 3 of 5
A school-age child with hemophilia falls on the playground and goes to the nurse’s office with superficial bleeding above the knee. Which action by the nurse is the most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Apply pressure to the area for at least 15 minutes. In hemophilia, the blood clotting process is impaired, so applying pressure helps control bleeding by promoting clot formation. This prevents excessive blood loss and reduces the risk of complications. Applying a warm, moist pack (A) can worsen bleeding by dilating blood vessels. Performing passive range of motion (B) can exacerbate bleeding by increasing blood flow. Keeping the affected extremity dependent (D) can cause pooling of blood and prolong bleeding. Therefore, applying pressure is the most appropriate action.
Question 4 of 5
A client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has a nursing diagnosis of Ineffective Tissue Perfusion. Which action is inappropriate for this nursing diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Elevating the client's knees on the bed or with a pillow is inappropriate for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion in a client with DIC because it can potentially worsen perfusion by hindering blood flow. Elevating the knees can lead to decreased blood circulation to the lower extremities, exacerbating tissue perfusion issues. Monitoring the client's level of consciousness and mental status (A), minimizing the use of tape on the client's skin (C), and assessing extremity pulses, warmth, and capillary refill (D) are appropriate actions for managing Ineffective Tissue Perfusion in a client with DIC. These actions help in early detection of perfusion issues, preventing complications, and ensuring adequate tissue oxygenation.
Question 5 of 5
An adolescent is receiving methotrexate chemotherapy after undergoing limb-salvage surgery for osteogenic sarcoma. Which statement by the adolescent indicates understanding of the purpose of leucovorin therapy after the methotrexate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because leucovorin is used to reduce the toxic effects of methotrexate by "rescuing" normal cells. Methotrexate inhibits folic acid synthesis, affecting rapidly dividing cells. Leucovorin helps replenish folic acid levels in normal cells, reducing toxicity. Taking leucovorin every 6 hours for about the next 3 days after methotrexate administration ensures continuous protection. Statements A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not demonstrate an understanding of the timing and frequency required for leucovorin therapy to counteract the effects of methotrexate.