Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Synovial fluid is part of the extracellular compartment, as it exists outside cells, lubricating joints.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in extracellular fluid osmolality.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) is released when atrial pressure rises, promoting sodium and water excretion.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Chloride, an anion, is lost in vomiting due to gastric HCl secretion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hyperkalemia is an elevated plasma potassium level.