Subtype of Hodgkin’s lymphoma common in young women with good prognosis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nodular sclerosis subtype of Hodgkin's lymphoma is common in young women with a good prognosis due to its characteristic presentation of fibrotic bands dividing the lymph node into nodules. This subtype is associated with less aggressive behavior and better response to treatment compared to other subtypes. Incorrect choices: B: Mixed cellularity subtype is more common in older adults and associated with a worse prognosis. C: Lymphocyte predominance subtype is more common in males and has a unique histological appearance with lymphocytic and histiocytic cells. D: Lymphocyte depletion subtype is rare, aggressive, and associated with a poor prognosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The increased presence of neutrophils, bands, basophils, eosinophils, and platelets suggests Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML). In CML, there is a high proliferation of myeloid cells leading to an increase in these cell types. Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are myeloid cells, and their elevated levels are characteristic of CML. Bands are immature neutrophils also seen in CML. Platelets can be increased due to the bone marrow's overproduction of cells. Acute myeloid leukemia (Choice A) typically presents with blasts, not mature cells like in this scenario. Acute lymphoid leukemia (Choice B) involves the overproduction of lymphoid cells, not myeloid cells as seen here. LAP score is typically low in CML, not high as in Choice D.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Unintact skin. Intact skin serves as a physical barrier protecting the body from pathogens. When the skin is not intact (broken or wounded), it loses its protective function, making it unable to effectively protect body surfaces. Therefore, unintact skin does not protect body surfaces. A: Mucus helps trap and remove pathogens from the respiratory and digestive systems. C: Gastric acid kills ingested pathogens in the stomach. D: Epithelial surface cilia help move mucus and trapped pathogens out of the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Malaria. Autoimmune diseases are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. Malaria, on the other hand, is caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites and does not involve the immune system attacking the body. Pernicious anemia, Grave's disease, and Hashimoto's disease are all autoimmune diseases where the immune system targets specific tissues or organs in the body. Therefore, A is the correct answer as it does not fit the definition of an autoimmune disease, unlike the other choices.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess fears and coping mechanisms. This is the best action because it allows the healthcare provider to understand the specific anxieties the client has about the bone marrow biopsy. By assessing fears and coping mechanisms, the healthcare provider can tailor their approach to provide appropriate support and information. Reassuring it's a common test (B) may not address the client's specific fears. Sedating prior to the procedure (C) may not be necessary if the client's anxiety can be adequately managed through other means. Telling the client they'll be asleep (D) may not address the underlying anxieties and may lead to false expectations.