Studies have shown that about 40% of patients fall out of bed despite the use of side rails; this has led to which of the following conclusions?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Kristen Swanson's Theory of Caring, from the 1990s, outlines five processes: knowing (understanding the patient's experience), being with (offering presence), doing for (performing tasks patients can't), enabling (empowering self-care), and maintaining belief (instilling hope). Unlike Benner's expertise model, Watson's spiritual focus, or Leininger's cultural lens, Swanson's framework is practical and patient-centered. For instance, a nurse might ‘know' a cancer patient's fears, ‘be with' them during chemo, ‘do for' by administering meds, ‘enable' through education, and ‘maintain belief' by affirming recovery potential. Grounded in empirical research, her theory guides nurses in holistic care, particularly in maternal or end-of-life settings, emphasizing relational depth over technical skill alone.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Joyce Travelbee's Interpersonal Theory, from the 1960s, views nursing as a human-to-human relationship during illness e.g., helping a patient find meaning in cancer. Swanson's caring processes, Zderad's humanism, and Peplau's therapeutic focus differ. Travelbee's emphasis on interpersonal coping and meaning-making, distinct from Parse's human becoming, guides nurses in emotional support, especially in terminal care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy (1940s) outlines needs physiological to self-actualization but they aren't rigidly sequential e.g., skipping food for a concert. Common needs (air, water), internal stimuli (hunger), and external triggers (stress) hold true. Nursing recognizes this flexibility, prioritizing patient-specific needs over strict order, enhancing individualized care planning.