ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Stimulation of which nerve reduces heart rate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), via parasympathetic fibers, reduces heart rate by releasing acetylcholine, slowing SA node firing and AV conduction, dropping beats from ~100 to ~70 bpm at rest. Cardiac accelerator nerves (sympathetic) increase rate. The hypoglossal nerve controls tongue movement, not heart. The spinal accessory nerve moves neck muscles, irrelevant here. Vagal stimulation, part of the 'rest and digest' response, balances sympathetic drive, a key autonomic regulator, critical in bradycardia and vagal maneuvers to slow tachycardias.
Question 2 of 5
The valve that guards the left atrioventricular orifice is called the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The left atrioventricular valve is called both bicuspid (two cusps) and mitral (mitre-shaped), guarding the left atrium-ventricle junction, preventing backflow. Tricuspid is right-sided. This dual naming reflects its structure and role, key in mitral pathology like prolapse, a synonymous valve identity in heart flow.
Question 3 of 5
The lungs are covered by a two-layer membrane called the:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pleura (A) is the two-layer membrane (visceral/parietal) covering the lungs, per the key reducing friction (15 mL fluid). The diaphragm (B) is a muscle, not a covering. The respiratory membrane (C) is the alveolar-capillary interface (0.2 μm). Intercostal muscles (D) aid breathing, not encasing lungs. Pleura's serous layers (5-10 μm thick) allow 6-8 L/min expansion, per anatomy unlike B's contraction, C's diffusion role, or D's support, A's protective sheath is the lung's hallmark.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse assisting the client with obstructive pulmonary disease would use which of the following statements to explain why dyspnea occurs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Your airways open wider on inspiration, and trap air on expiration' (C) explains COPD dyspnea, per document (3). Emphysema's elasticity loss (elastase > AAT) and chronic bronchitis's mucus narrow airways, trapping air (RV >150%), reducing tidal volume (Vt <400 mL). Surfactant (A) is ARDS, not COPD. Difficulty inhaling (B) is vague. Compliance drop (D) fits fibrosis. C's air trapping FEVâ‚/FVC <70% drives dyspnea, unlike A's irrelevance.
Question 5 of 5
The parents of a child with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are receiving home instructions on tracheotomy care. With regards to suctioning, the nurse should advise the parents that each suction pass should take no longer than:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 5 seconds (B) is the advised suction time for BPD tracheotomy, per document (implied pediatric norm). Short passes (5-10 s) clear mucus (e.g., 5-10 mL) without hypoxia (SpOâ‚‚ drop <5%). 2 seconds (A) is too brief, 10-15 seconds (C, D) risk desaturation. B's balance per AAP protects fragile BPD lungs (Oâ‚‚ need 30%), unlike D's excess.